Partnerships in Health Technologies

The inventor teams at Intellectual Ventures have worked diligently for the better part of a decade developing ideas and inventions relating to medical devices, diagnostic tools and advancements for the life sciences. With 100 patent families encompassing more than 1,000 patents and patent applications, Intellectual Ventures is looking to team up with leading healthcare companies and entrepreneurs to further develop and commercialize these inventions on a worldwide scale, through out-licensing or co-development partnerships.

For more information about how your company can in-license IV®’s healthcare inventions, contact Sara Litherland at slitherland@intven.com or +1 425.283.4756.

IV CEO Nathan Myhrvold spoke at TEDMED in October about the Intellectual Ventures research lab and the creative medical inventions that we are working on. The full talk is now live.

Select Health Technology Inventions

• Activation of Surgical Implants 

  Technologies are provided for developing implantable devices that, upon receipt of coded spatiotemporal signals from an external device, provide actuation signals to their movable components in order to change their configuration.

  The external signaling device can be secured to the body or conform to the surface of the body; it can include multiple signaling units that have a spatial arrangement. The signals can be spatially and/or temporally separated combinations of magnetic, electric, acoustic, electromagnetic, or optical signals. The external device may also receive signals from the implant. The external device can send coded signals that command the implant to retrieve data, send out actuation signals, etc.

  The implant can authenticate and check permission levels on signals received from the external device, with varying permissions depending on the state of the body, which may be determined via sensors that measure a variety of physiologic or pathologic parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, neurologic activity, etc.

  These technologies can be applied to implants that are used to engage a variety of anatomical structures and organs, such as vertebrae or bony structures, tissue expanders, stents, shunts, drug reservoirs, artificial joints, gastric bands, artificial sphincters, orthodontic appliances, cosmetic implants, or other types of implants.

  Spinal screws and connectors between vertebrae can have adjustable length or rigidity to allow the surgeon to remotely adjust the rigidity of the spinal screws in order to facilitate bone growth and healing.

  Tissue expanders, commonly used to grow skin grafts, can be configured to expand mechanically to facilitate stretching of the skin, which can eliminate the need for periodic injection of saline into the expanders.

  Stents can include a biocompatible wire frame held by two actuator rings that can expand or contract to adjust the size of the stent, depending on the received signals and changes in the underlying pathology. Artificial sphincters can include a similar wireframe design with actuator rings that open or close in response to signals.

  Other examples include:

  • Drug reservoirs configured to dispense drugs in response to signals
  • Breast implants that gradually increase in size to allow gradual stretching of the skin
    Intramural devices such as gastrointestinal scopes and cameras that can be remotely controlled
  • Orthodontic braces, where the patient can control the signaling device to provide signals to shift the braces

  Current stage of invention:

  Activation of Surgical Implants - Patent Pending Stage
• Actively Controllable Sterilizing Excitation Delivery Implants 

  Technologies are provided for developing controllable implants that prevent or treat infection by delivering a sterilizing stimulus to nearby tissues. Sterilizing stimulus can include delivery of energy such as electrical, electromagnetic, thermal, or acoustic energy. Implants can also be configured to deliver disinfecting or other agents. These technologies can be applied to a variety of implants, such as breast, cochlear, dental, neural, and orthopedic implants; prostheses; implantable electronic devices; stents; artificial hearts; joints; etc. 

  Implants can contain a variety of components, including:

  • Controllers that determine the location, duration and intensity of the required stimulus, and manage delivery of the stimulus or disinfecting agents
  • Sensors that sense physiologic information about the patient and pathogenic information such as the presence of infections
  • An energy source that harvests energy from the body, such as a generator that harvests biomechanical energy generated by movement (e.g., walking or movement of the joints) or thermal energy such as body heat generated by the patient
  • Reservoirs or coatings to store disinfecting agents that can be energetically activated (e.g., the disinfecting agent can be a photo-activated, antimicrobial agent)
  • Scaffold-forming materials such as bone forming agents that can be released to help anchor the implant and promote bone growth around the implant

  Implants can be used to form antimicrobial agents such as superoxidized water (in vivo) by applying energy to interstitial fluid in the vicinity of the target tissue. Implants can have self-cleaning super-hydrophobic coatings.

  Implants can be configured to send or receive encrypted (to protect privacy) information and can:

  • Receive instructions on how to administer sterilizing stimulus
  • Receive authentication information
  • Receive regulatory compliance protocols such as FDA protocols
  • Send confirmation on sterilizing stimulus delivery
  • Send authentication response
  • Send captured sensor data

  Current stage of invention:

  Actively Controllable Sterilizing Excitation Delivery Implants - Patent Pending Stage
• Adaptive Dispensation in a Digestive Tract 

  Technologies are provided for developing a device that can be swallowed and can “loiter” in various parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract for extended time periods. The device can dispense bioactive materials for treatment of a variety of local GI tract pathologies or systemic diseases.

  The device can also include modules such as:

  • Sensors that can capture information to determine frequency and dosage of the medication
  • Reservoirs that store bioactive materials such as hormones, vasodilators, antibiotics, pain relievers or appetite suppressants
  • A controller that can determine which ports to open depending on which medication needs to be dispensed
  • A wireless component that can communicate with other dispensers, or an external device such as a PDA, about dosage, frequency and the remaining level of the delivered medication

  The modules can be arranged in various configurations, such as in the shape of a cube, polyhedron or loop. Each module can also be small enough to pass through the digestive tract independently. Modules can engage or disengage from each other magnetically or be connected by tethers. The dispenser’s external surface can be developed from water insoluble polymers.

  In some variants, a dispenser is supported by a tether that can be used to supply medication and guide its release from the dispenser in response to a predetermined ingested material. Medication can be dispensed continuously over a predetermined period of time or upon receipt of a wireless signal from an external or mobile device.

  Multiple modules present in the GI tract can communicate with each other to dispense, image, move, measure or release in a cooperative fashion. Dispensers can attach to the mucous membrane of various parts of the GI tract by releasing an adhesive-containing material or a binding agent; they can detach by dispensing an adhesive solvent, and optionally roll and reattach to a different location. Internal modules may also be magnetically coupled with an accessory such as a belt worn adjacent to the stomach. Dispensers can ultimately exit naturally from the body on detecting a release condition or signal.

  Current stage of invention:

  Adaptive Dispensation in a Digestive Tract - Patent Pending Stage
• Adaptive Vision Modification With Automatic Adjustable Lenses 

  Methods and systems are provided relating to an adjustable lens device that can automatically restore visual acuity for common visual defects such as myopia, presbyopia and astigmatism, as well as less common and difficult to correct aberrations, including coma. It can also be tailored for vision enhancement in specialized activities that require magnification or wide-angle vision and more advanced military applications. The technology can be used in eyeglasses, contact lenses, and implantable intraocular lenses or head-mounted devices such as helmets. The device can be composed of several components including:

  • An image detector to detect images reflected from the retina
  • An image analyzer to analyze the quality of the image
  • A controller that can adjust the focus and sharpness, transmissivity, effective aperture, angle of orientation or other features of the lens

  The device can be configured to detect neural or neuromuscular signals that indicate visual focal condition. It can also adjust the lens based on analyzed neural activity in order to focus images on the retina.

  Current stage of invention:

  Adaptive Vision Modification With Automatic Adjustable Lenses - Patent Granted Stage
• Adjustable, Remotely Controllable, Orthopedic Implants 

  Technologies are provided for developing an adjustable orthopedic implant that can be remotely controlled by a surgeon during or after surgery. The implant can contain multiple adjustable mechanisms. These adjustable mechanisms can be a combination of one or more wires, pins, screws, plates, nails, rods, staples, clamps or other pieces that hold internal orthopedic structures such as bones together. Each adjustable mechanism can have various configurations, such as:

  • Ability to controllably move in at least three degrees of freedom utilizing at least one motor to lengthen, shorten, tighten, adjust curvature of, twist, or shear the internal orthopedic structures
  • Ability to move in up to six degrees of freedom utilizing up to six motors
  • Ability to be remotely actuatable in order to allow the surgeon to control certain movements of portions of the implant in multiple degrees of freedom

  The implant can include:

  • Sensors that detect strain, pressure, motion, stress, load, or position change of the internal orthopedic structures, and health and integrity of the orthopedic implant; sensors provide real-time feedback to enable the surgeon to facilitate adjustment of the implant
  • Motors to move the adjustable mechanisms
  • A controller that receives remote signals and controls actuation of the motors; the controller can receive signals originating from a human input or from an X-ray, MRI, or ultrasound data input
  • A transmitter to communicate sensed information and implant activity to an external computing device
  • External or internal energy sources to power the motors

  Implant sensors can include strain gauges, accelerometer piezoelectric films, Hall effect sensors, linear variable displacement transducers (LVDT), differential variable reluctance transducers (DVRT), or reed switch sensors. Sensors can be configured to detect osteogenic cell markers such as mesenchymal stem cells or osteoblasts.

  These technologies can be utilized to develop:

  • Implants for reconstructive or aesthetic surgery to repair damaged bone tissue
  • Implants for internal fixation of fractured bone
  • Arthrodesis implants
  • Arthroplasty implants for treatment of damaged joints in cases of advanced inflammatory or degenerative arthritis
  • Spinal implants for treatment of scoliosis
  • Adjustable tibial trays for use in knee procedures
  • Expandable and contractible nails in trauma procedures
  • Support structures for vertebrae for treating back pain or other spinal pathologies
  • Total or partial shoulder (or other joints such as the knee, hip, ankle or wrist) replacement prostheses

  Current stage of invention:

  Adjustable, Remotely Controllable, Orthopedic Implants - Patent Pending Stage
• Anti-inflammatory Compositions and Devices 

  Technologies are provided for developing therapeutic compositions that include multiple agents for modulating inflammatory responses of the immune system. The therapeutic compositions can inhibit or modify various cellular activities of the immune system, including activities of Toll-like receptors, Src family kinases, NF-kB proteins, and proteases or proteasomes. Various combinations of agents can be selected based on a patient’s history (such as medical, surgical, family, or social history), signs and symptoms, physical examination, diagnostic tests, etc. The therapeutic compositions can be included in pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and administered by various means.

  Technologies are also provided for developing implantable or external devices for delivery of the therapeutic compositions. The delivery device can be capable of sending information to and receiving instructions from an external computing device. The device can be configured with a variety of components, including:

  • A reservoir to hold the composition
  • A controllable outlet mechanism such as a micro-pump to dispense the composition
  • A regulator to allow for timed release of the composition
  • An inlet mechanism to receive the composition
  • Sensors to detect the levels of the composition in the reservoir
  • Sensors to detect the presence of biological molecules associated with the inflammatory condition

  These technologies can be utilized in treating inflammatory conditions such as infections, autoimmune disorders, allergic reactions, cancer, system inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), etc.

  Current stage of invention:

  Anti-inflammatory Compositions and Devices - Patent Pending Stage
• Arbitrary Peptide Synthesis 

  Peptides are often used as tools in functional assays and antibody production, particularly in drug discovery. Methods and systems are provided for peptide synthesis using tRNAs charged with arbitrary amino acids. tRNAs charged with arbitrary amino acids can be sequentially co-localized with a biological assembler; co-localizing can allow transfer of the amino acids to the budding peptide on the assembler. The system for arbitrary peptide synthesis can include a wide variety of configurations, features and options, including:

  • A peptide synthesizer unit that provides and removes the charged tRNAs, biological assemblers or other peptide synthesis components
  • A monitoring unit that measures the concentration of the various components
  • A computing and controller unit that determines—as well as controls—the timing for adding or removing the various components

  The system can be customized to include any of the aforementioned units or other additional units. The system can also include a graphical user interface to receive input on the targeted peptides. This works to determine the temporal-spatial parameters required to synthesize the targeted peptides and provide a graphical illustration of possible outcomes.

  Current stage of invention:

  Arbitrary Peptide Synthesis - Patent Granted Stage
• Auto-Fluorescent Imaging and Target Ablation 

  Technologies are provided for developing a device that can detect and ablate target cells or tissue in wounds or lesions during a surgery or a procedure via fluorescent-based imaging. The device can be designed as a hand-held, intra-luminal, tethered, or ingestible device and can include a variety of components, such as:

  • An energy source that provides electromagnetic energy to excite a fluorescence response in target cells
  • Sensors that detect the response
  • Control circuitry that identifies the target area
  • An electromagnetic, optical or X-ray energy source or a source of charged particles to ablate the target tissue
  • A mobile source to maneuver and guide the device when the device is, for example, in a blood vessel
  • A graphical user interface that receives input on the desired fluorescent response in the target and provides graphical illustration of the outcomes
  • A database that provides information on the characteristics of the target, and the energy required to induce auto-fluorescence in the target or ablate the target

  Fluorescence can be an inherent response of the target cells or target cells can be labeled with fluorescent markers. Frequencies of the electromagnetic energy required to induce fluorescent response or to ablate the target can be known in the art and can be programmable or determined manually.

  These technologies can be utilized to develop devices that are used to diagnose, treat, or prevent a variety of medical conditions. These can include:

  • Hand-held devices for detecting and ablating pathogens or cancerous cells found in surgical incisions, wounds, or lesions
  • Devices attached to an endoscope or fiber optic cable for detecting and ablating pathogens or cancerous cells found in interior locations
  • Intra-luminal devices that are small enough to fit in a blood vessel without obstructing blood flow, and used for detecting and ablating pathogens or cancerous cells found in blood streams
  • Ingestible devices (the size of a pill or tablet) that cause photodynamic cell death of H. pylori in the GI tract

  Current stage of invention:

  Auto-Fluorescent Imaging and Target Ablation - Patent Pending Stage
• Automatic Needle Insertion—Drawing Blood for Glucose Testing 

  Technologies are provided for an automatic needle insertion system that, under guidance of an imaging component, precisely locates a target insertion region. The system can be composed of several components, including:

  • A movable needle with a sharp distal end for insertion into tissue
  • An imager such as an ultrasound, thermal, x-ray or other imager to distinguish the target region from other regions such as bone, muscle or vessel
  • An actuator that moves the needle selectively in x, y or z axis to position the needle at the target region identified by the imager
  • Containers to store fluids that are delivered to or drawn out of the target region
  • Control circuitry, user-interface and sensors to detect:
    • Operational parameters such as fluids being drawn
    • Physical resistance of tissue
    • Position of the needle
  • Mounting structures such as straps or adhesives to temporarily secure the needle insertion system to the user
  • Distraction components to audibly or visually distract the user during needle insertion
  • Optionally, a robotic arm to which the movable needle is attached

  On locating the target region via the imager, the control unit signals the actuator to position and insert the needle at the target insertion point. The system can control the force and depth of insertion (via the control circuitry) and also avoid previous insertion sites (via the imager) in order to alleviate discomfort associated with multiple punctures.

  The system can be configured to apply a local anesthetic or an aseptic agent prior to needle insertion and pressure-close the insertion point upon needle withdrawal to promote hemostasis. It can be configured as a portable or stationary device that can be utilized to collect samples from arterial and venous access points; or to deliver medication to a target region with great precision. For example, the system can be a portable device that diabetics can use for serum glucose monitoring. The system avoids problems associated with jitters from the patient (or the operator) while minimizing discomfort.

  Current stage of invention:

  Automatic Needle Insertion—Drawing Blood for Glucose Testing - Patent Pending Stage
• Bone Cage Devices for Delivery of Biologically Active Molecules 

  Methods and systems are provided to develop an implantable drug delivery device that is configured as a bone cage. It is made from natural or artificial bone, stem cells, and diatom skeletons. The bone cage can be constructed by microfabrication techniques with a hollow interior that holds biologically active molecules that need to be delivered. A semi-permeable membrane—developed from in-vitro cells or via genetic engineering that is functionally similar to natural membranous barriers in the body—can be placed inside or outside the bone cage to allow selective diffusion of the biologically active molecules. The bone cage is treated to prevent natural restructuring process or changes in structure due to bone resorption, deposition or other physiologic effects. All of the components are non-immunogenic to minimize rejection or any associated pathologies. The device can be used to treat or prevent metabolic and hormonal disease states such as those associated with liver, pancreas, thyroid and adrenal glands. It can be configured as a blood brain barrier and can be used for controlled release of vaccines.

  Current stage of invention:

  Bone Cage Devices for Delivery of Biologically Active Molecules - Patent Pending Stage
• Circulatory Monitoring Systems 

  Methods and systems are provided to detect, monitor and treat a variety of circulatory conditions, including blood clots. The device can be composed of external or implantable sensors, embedded in a variety of items that typically make close contact with or are worn by the individual (e.g., clothing and accessories, seats and wheelchairs). The sensors can be programmed to detect various physiologic and pathologic signs and symptoms, including changes in blood pressure as a sign of vascular occlusion or oxygen saturation as a sign of respiratory problems. The sensors can be coupled with a monitoring system that can activate an external or implanted device to treat the underlying condition by electromagnetic radiation, drug dispensation or other therapeutic modalities. The monitoring system can also be configured to communicate the detected pathology and applied treatment to healthcare providers and patients. The technology can be implemented in airplanes, automobiles and other vehicles to detect blood clots or other circulatory problems in patients before they become serious.

  Current stage of invention:

  Circulatory Monitoring Systems - Patent Pending Stage
• Circulatory Monitoring—Wearable Occlusions Monitoring Device 

  Technologies are provided for a wearable device that monitors vascular occlusions such as an embolus, a thrombus (such as a deep vein thrombus) or other circulatory abnormalities. The non-invasive, real-time monitoring device can be worn on various locations on the body. 

  The device can include several components for spectral detection and analysis of an occlusion, such as:

  • Optical (thermal, ultrasonic or other) energy emitters for interrogating and eliciting an optical energy spectral profile from a blood vessel
  • Sensors to detect emitted or reemitted energy from a blood vessel
  • Data storage devices, including “spectral signature information” indicative of a vascular occlusion or pathology
  • Controllers and spectral learning protocols that can compare, in real time, the detected optical energy spectral profile with the stored “spectral signature information” in order to determine the presence of an occlusion
  • Circuitry to generate a response signal indicative of the presence and location of the occlusion, based on the controllers’ comparative analysis

  The initial “spectral signature information” of an occlusive event can be obtained via in vivo or in vitro spectral analysis, where changes in spectral properties of blood can be monitored and analyzed after inducing blood clot formation. The device can provide user-specific “spectral signature information” through spectral learning and real-time spectral modeling. Subsequent detected spectral profiles can be compared to the spectral model to update certain parameters associated with the model.

  Current stage of invention:

  Circulatory Monitoring—Wearable Occlusions Monitoring Device - Patent Pending Stage
• Combination of Medicine and Virtual Experience 

  Technologies are provided for developing a system that enables a healthcare professional, after diagnosing a patient, to query a database for a prescription medication and an artificial sensory or virtual reality experience for the treatment of the patient.

  The system can accept attributes of a patient, including:

  • A mental enhancement goal
  • A mental or physical diagnosis
  • Medical history
  • A proposed treatment

  Based on the attributes the system can query:

  • A medication database for a prescription medication
  • An artificial sensory experience database for an appropriate virtual experience

  The virtual experience can include the use of a virtual world, a social network, a game, or a tutorial on DVD. For example, a patient with a neurodegenerative disorder can be prescribed a neurostimulant medication along with a virtual world simulating the game of chess, both to be taken as per a prescribed schedule.

  The effects of the combined medication and virtual reality experience therapy can be measured by self-assessment or by comparing current and expected behavior; the therapy can be modified based on the measured effects. Physiologic parameters such as pupil dilation, eye movement, heart rate, and behavior modifications such as reaction time or cognitive ability can be monitored by instrumentation and software that is embedded in everyday devices. The results of the monitored parameters can be recorded and reported to the healthcare professional, who can modify the medical therapy and/or modify aspects of the virtual experience such as access to certain portions, or visual or sound aspects of the virtual experience. The virtual experience can be modified to enhance efficacy or reduce side effects of the medication.

  These technologies can be used to develop therapeutic virtual reality solutions for treatment of various medical conditions such as Alzheimer’s; attention deficit disorder; depression; and eating, metabolic, or cardiovascular disorders. These technologies can combine traditional psychoactive drugs with virtual reality to provide medical professionals with superior life-changing solutions.

  Current stage of invention:

  Combination of Medicine and Virtual Experience - Patent Pending Stage
• Combination of Medicine and Virtual Experience for Memory Modification 

  Technologies are provided for developing systems that can activate a traumatic memory to render it susceptible to removal, subsequently erase it with a bioactive agent, and replace it with an alternate memory.

  Once the traumatic experience information has been entered into the system by the user (such as a physician), the system can then:

  • Search a medication database for an appropriate memory-dampening agent (such as propranolol) to remove or minimize the severity of the traumatic memories
  • Search an artificial sensory experience database for:
    • An appropriate virtual experience that can activate the consolidated traumatic memory (e.g., a virtual experience of burning)
    • An appropriate virtual experience that can provide an alternate memory to replace the original memory (e.g., a virtual experience of a fire being extinguished without incident)

  The consolidated traumatic memory can be triggered by a sound, scent, photograph, video, or simulated experience.

  The effects of the combined memory-dampening agent and virtual reality experience therapy can be measured by self-assessment or by comparing current and expected behavior, and the therapy can be modified based on the measured effects. Physiologic response of the individual during the virtual reality experience can be measured and monitored via fMRI, fNIR, or other techniques, and the response can be associated with a particular characteristic of the virtual reality experience. The memory-dampening agent and/or the virtual reality experience can be altered based on the association. The virtual reality experience can be scheduled to be delivered at the time of administration of the memory-dampening agent.

  These technologies can be used to develop memory modification systems for treatment of a variety of psychiatric or neurologic disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), paralysis, numbing anxiety, or fear-based conditions.

  Current stage of invention:

  Combination of Medicine and Virtual Experience for Memory Modification - Patent Pending Stage
• Computational Systems for Suggesting Modulators of CYP450 

  Technologies are provided for developing a computerized system that identifies an individual’s CYP450 family of enzymes that affect the metabolism of drug therapies in the individual. The system recommends CYP450 modulators that can minimize the adverse effects of the drug therapies by either inhibiting or enhancing the activity of the identified enzymes.

  The system can include a user interface that captures detailed information about an individual such as age, gender, race, medical and family history, or geographic or socio-demographic factors. The system can use the information to associate the individual with a population or cohort group. The system can include a database that stores information about CYP450-family enzyme variants that influence the metabolism of specific drug therapies. The database can associate the CYP450-family enzyme variants with a population or cohort group. In addition, the database can include information on modulators for the CYP450-family enzyme variants. Utilizing the database and information about the individual that is captured via the user interface, the system can recommend a treatment option of a single or combination drug regimen that will avoid adverse effects in the individual.

  Environmental and other confounding factors that can affect treatment, such as exposure to sunlight, chemicals or diet, can also be captured and subsequent mitigating strategies can be recommended, including increase in air intake and water intake or changes in diet. The system can also identify an individual’s CYP450-family enzymes that metabolize environmental toxins such as pesticides and recommend modulators to minimize or eliminate the effect of the toxins. The system can help healthcare professionals provide optimal patient care with treatment regimens devoid of adverse events and drug interactions.

  Current stage of invention:

  Computational Systems for Suggesting Modulators of CYP450 - Patent Pending Stage
• Computed Epitope Immune Response Therapies 

  Technologies are provided for identifying attributes such as epitopes that are associated with specific pathogenic agents, such as HIV, and to subsequently devise a therapeutic strategy that enhances the patient’s immune system, naturally or by injecting antigenic agents that are cloned ex vivo. The therapeutic strategy can be an immune response based on knowledge of current epitopes or an anticipated immune response based on predicting future epitopes determined by projecting future mutated states of the pathogenic agent. The technology can be used to develop vaccines or other preventive or treatment modalities for a variety of pathogens and viral diseases, particularly those that mutate continuously and at a greater speed than the natural immune system can track and respond to, including HIV, Ebola, rabies, rubella, SARS, and influenza.

  Current stage of invention:

  Computed Epitope Immune Response Therapies - Patent Pending Stage
• Customized Blood Vessel Sleeving and Stents 

  Vascular pathologies such as aneurysms are a major health risk that can be potentially fatal if they are not surgically repaired in time. Stents and sleeves currently on the market are available in a limited number of generic or semi-custom fit sizes. Methods and systems are provided to develop stents or sleeves that are custom-fit to each individual patient based on 3D modeling of the patient’s anatomical blood vessel data. They potentially employ rapid prototyping methods with certain indications for materials used, construction parameters, patient identification, and wear or deformation. Each stent or sleeve can also have active components with sensors that provide important physiological or pathological information and respond automatically (or manually) to treat the sensed underlying condition. For example, the stent or sleeve can contain an internal contrast agent or a deformation or wear indicator to detect pathology and can subsequently collapse, expand, shrink or be coated with a time-released drug.

  Current stage of invention:

  Customized Blood Vessel Sleeving and Stents - Patent Pending Stage
• Devices and Compositions for Controlling pH in Pulmonary Tissues 

  Technologies are provided for developing devices that sense physiological conditions of an individual (such as pH of exhaled breath, humidity of exhalant, temperature, breathing rate, or peak rate of exhalation) and/or monitor or receive data on environmental conditions (such as smog, forest fires, pollen count, or weather conditions) that can affect the individual, and subsequently recommend or administer pharmaceutical compositions configured to contact pulmonary tissue in order to prevent or mitigate a pulmonary infection. Pharmaceutical compositions can include agents that modify pH, antiviral agents, antibacterial agents, antihistamines, or other pharmaceutical agents. The device can be part of a mask worn over the mouth, can be part of a handheld device, or can be miniaturized and placed in the respiratory tract.

  The device can either sense environmental conditions or receive information on environmental conditions from agencies that routinely monitor and report these conditions. Environmental conditions can be based on current or future locations of the individual (by using GPS and itinerary of the individual’s activities).

  Upon sensing physiological conditions and/or sensing or receiving environmental conditions, the device can alert the individual or a caregiver, and recommend or administer pharmaceutical compositions.

  An aerosol generator can be used to administer a pharmaceutical composition that includes a membrane that is broken based on sensed pH of the pulmonary tissue and releases a charged ion configured to achieve a selected pH of the pulmonary tissue.

  A pharmaceutical composition for treating pulmonary infections can be:

  • A composition of multiple pharmaceutical agents in different distinct particle sizes to make contact with different levels of pulmonary tissue
  • Administered as two or more distinct and non-overlapping particle sizes with potentially different pH ranges that target different areas in the respiratory tract and different levels of pulmonary tissue
  • A buffering agent, a basic agent, or an acidic agent
  • In the form of liquid, dry powder, or liposome 
  • Administered via an inhaler, a nebulizer, or other devices that generate aerosolized particles
  • Delivered to multiple individuals in an enclosed space as fine mist through heating, ventilation, or air conditioning systems

  These technologies can be used to treat or prevent pulmonary conditions such as infections or allergies in a person, or can be used to prevent the spread of infections, such as viral infections, in private or public environments, including hospitals, schools, or public transportation.

  Current stage of invention:

  Devices and Compositions for Controlling pH in Pulmonary Tissues - Patent Pending Stage
• Devices for Controllably Reducing Target Components that Modulate Disease 

  Technologies are provided for developing an implantable or external device that modulates the physiological effect of target components that modulate disease by achieving a target value of detected target components in the blood of a patient. The target components can be inflammatory mediators, cancer cells, infected cells, or infectious agents.

  The device can be an intracorporeal device inserted into a blood vessel or an extracorporeal device to withdraw, process, and return processed blood back into the body. In the case of the extracorporeal device, real-time cytokine levels in the blood can be withdrawn externally for processing.

  The device can include:

  • Sensors (such as bio, chemical, physical, or optical sensors) to detect the presence of target components that modulate disease in a patient’s blood. Sensors can also be configured to detect temperature, pathogen levels, or other vital signs
  • A treatment chamber to provide reactive components (such as denaturing agents, degradative agents, binding agents, and/or energy sources) to decrease the activity or control the levels of the target components
  • A controller to manage the flow of blood through the treatment chamber and achieve target values of the mediators by communicating with the sensors in order to adjust the interaction between the reactive components and the target components

  Technologies are also provided for developing an implantable device (configured to fit in a lumen and allow fluid flow) that actively or passively removes target components (such as inflammatory mediators, cancer cells, infected cells, or infectious agents) from the circulatory or lymphatic systems. The device can be configured for:

  • Passive removal using two reservoirs: one that includes bi-functional tags that selectively bind to target components in the fluid and another with reactive components that have an affinity for and can sequester the bi-functional tags, which are bound to the target components
  • Active removal with a sensor that detects target components and a controller that opens or closes a flow barrier in response to the sensors; the device can include reactive components that interact directly with the target components to modulate their physiological effect

  The device can be utilized to treat cancer, infectious diseases, or inflammatory diseases. The device can be utilized to treat a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory-mediated conditions (e.g., asthma, COPD, rhinitis, sinusitis, allergies, ARDS, anaphylaxis, allograft rejection, graft versus host disease, psoriatic or rheumatoid arthritis, chemical or biological agent exposure, or infections).

  Current stage of invention:

  Devices for Controllably Reducing Target Components that Modulate Disease - Patent Pending Stage
• Devices for Patterning on Skin and Hair Removal from Skin 

  Technologies are provided for developing hair removal devices and skin-patterning or tattoo-forming devices that utilize electromagnetic energy. Such devices can be used in aesthetic and cosmetic, medical or other settings.

  The hair removal device can be composed of several components, including:

  • Sensors, such as proximity or motion sensors
  • A light source such as a laser or array of lasers, which can emit light of a wavelength band that is significantly absorbed by hair
  • A lens that can form a highly convergent light with a narrow, spatially limited beam waist
  • Control circuitry

  Hair removal can include several steps. First, the device is positioned adjacent to the skin. Once the distance from the skin and the presence of a hair shaft is detected, the light source is activated to deliver a beam of highly convergent light, with sufficient intensity, speed and duration to cause mechanical failure of the hair shaft. The device can take into account the speed of its movement across the skin.

  The skin-patterning system can also be composed of a variety of components, including:

  • A light source such as a laser that can emit light of a defined wavelength band
  • A device that delivers a photo-responsive material to the skin
  • A programmable memory to store a desired pattern that represents a plurality of skin regions to which light is to be directed
  • A positioning system with deflectors to adjust the position of the light source
  • Optical components to focus the light at a specified depth within the skin
  • A controller that manages the positioning system to guide the light onto a plurality of skin locations based on the pattern stored in the memory

  Several steps can be used in creating tattoos or patterns on the skin. A photo-responsive material is applied, topically or by injection, to the skin. Upon exposure to light, this material undergoes a reversible or irreversible transformation, such as from an active to an inactive state or from a colorless to a colored form (or vice versa). The skin pattern can also change from being visible to invisible, depending on the wavelength of light the photo-responsive material is exposed to.

  Current stage of invention:

  Devices for Patterning on Skin and Hair Removal from Skin - Patent Pending Stage
• Diagnosis via Spider Charts Representing Patient Characteristics 

  Technologies are provided for developing a computerized diagnostic system that provides a healthcare provider output in the form of a spider chart. Each spider chart can have multiple radial axes with each axis representing a quantifiable patient parameter. These parameters can include temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, current medications, patient history, age, gender, laboratory results or other patient characteristics. The system can make a diagnosis by comparing a patient’s spider chart to one associated with a specific disease; it can subsequently provide treatment options. The system can be composed of a graphical user interface with interactive options to enter patient parameters manually (with drop down menus or text boxes), or the system can automatically receive parameter data from sensors, monitors, and other devices. The resulting spider chart can be viewed on any device, including mobile devices. A patient’s progress with therapy and prognosis can also be determined by comparing the patient’s spider chart over time. This system can help healthcare professionals provide the best level of patient care with the most appropriate diagnosis and treatment options.

  Current stage of invention:

  Diagnosis via Spider Charts Representing Patient Characteristics - Patent Pending Stage
• Diagnostic Assistance Systems 

  Methods and systems are offered that can provide healthcare professionals—and others in the healthcare industry—with differential diagnosis and treatment options based on individual parameters entered for each patient, including history, physical, and lab or other diagnostic parameters. The system utilizes statistical analysis and algorithms to generate a more uniform and consistent output for diagnosis and treatment of disease states. This works to minimize malpractice, improve patient outcomes and ultimately reduce the overall healthcare expenditure.

  Current stage of invention:

  Diagnostic Assistance Systems - Patent Pending Stage
• Diagnostic Imaging Kiosk 

  Technologies are provided for developing a diagnostic imaging system that can be remotely operated by a healthcare professional or locally by an untrained user. The system can be configured as a stationary (e.g., a kiosk) or a portable radiographic or other diagnostic device that can help detect and diagnose the underlying pathology. The system can be utilized in healthcare facilities as well as in public places such as gas stations, pharmacies, schools, gymnasiums, and stadiums.

  The system can include an emission module that can be locally or remotely activated upon user certification; and can subsequently emit ionizing radiation such as X-rays, visible light, or other forms of energy for imaging. The system can also include security features, whereby the amount of emitted radiation and a local user’s usage history is monitored and tracked, and the emission module is deactivated if radiation exposure exceeds a threshold amount.

  The system can include a variety of other features, such as:

  • Ability to detect the location of the target body part relative to the emission module
  • Operational instructions or guidance for the local user to enable the user to position the target body partand activate the emission module
  • A wearable article such as a vest or helmet to shield the local user’s body from ionizing radiation
  • A wearable item such as braces to help position the target body part for imaging
  • Sensors on the wearable item to detect energy from the emission module and capture the resulting image
  • Displays to present images or video and speakers to present audio data
  • Ability to present real-time data input by remote user
  • Cameras, hand-held scanners, card readers, microphones, or other devices for data entry
  • Cameras to facilitate video chat between the local and remote users
  • A hand-held emission module
  • Ability for the remote user to enable, disable, or reset the system

  Current stage of invention:

  Diagnostic Imaging Kiosk - Patent Pending Stage
• Dispensing of Consumable Compositions via Programmable Cups 

  Patient non-compliance with medication regimens continues to affect treatment outcomes and ultimately affects a patient’s quality of life. Methods and systems are provided relating to beverage containers that can be configured to dispense a nutraceutical or a pharmaceutical composition in a beverage. The dispensing system can include components such as a sensor, a user-interface, a dispenser, a sterilizer, a processor and a communication device. The dosing and frequency details can be manually entered or electronically transmitted to assure the proper dosing regimen. The system can be configured to monitor ingestion of the composition and to report compliance to the patient’s physician or insurance company. It can also provide audio or visual notifications of an upcoming dose or electronically send reminders to the patient to take their medication. Finally, the system can prevent other devices from functioning if the user has not ingested the required dose (e.g. prevent the user’s automobile from starting, prevent computer logon, prevent outgoing cell phone usage, prevent a gaming system from powering on, disable a credit card and/or prevent access to a banking system).

  Current stage of invention:

  Dispensing of Consumable Compositions via Programmable Cups - Patent Pending Stage
• Displaceable Contouring Hospital Beds 

  Methods and systems are provided to develop displaceable contouring beds, wheelchairs, operating tables or other devices that are used to prevent skin and soft tissue damage—including pressure ulcers—in patients who are immobile or have limited mobility for an extended period of time. The beds can include surfaces with a number of individual contouring units that are displaceable at multiple axes. Each contouring unit may come with pressure sensors. They move accordingly—and independent of one another—to reduce pressure points and apply equal pressure to different parts of the body. There are a variety of other configurations for individual contouring units and the device as a whole. This technology can also be utilized in developing other medically related external supporting hardware such as braces, casts, tractions and other treatment or diagnostic modalities that require the patient to be steady and immobile for an extended period of time, including CT scans, PET scans and MRIs.

  Current stage of invention:

  Displaceable Contouring Hospital Beds - Patent Granted Stage
• Distortion-Compensated Imaging 

  Technologies are provided for developing a distortion compensator that can limit or reduce image distortions in order to create sharper images in various medical imaging modalities, such as ultrasound, MRI, CT, or PET scan. The device can predict the type of image distortion due to an obstruction or distorting feature (e.g., spinal plates, bone pins, pacemakers and defibrillators, hemoglobin) and compensate for the image distortion.  The device can include a component that uses imaging to determine the relative orientation, location, angle, surface characteristics, etc., of the distorting feature. This information can be used to predict the image distortion, which can be minimized using a variety of techniques, such as:

  • Computational techniques
  • Fourier transform to filter or subtract the distortion
  • Reshaping, modifying, or redirecting electromagnetic, acoustic, or other rays used for imaging in order to limit radiation applied to the distorting feature

  Current stage of invention:

  Distortion-Compensated Imaging - Patent Pending Stage
• Distributed Systems for Postural Warning and Advisory 

  Technologies are provided for developing a system that monitors, warns and recommends alternative positions or postures to one or more users in a group who are operating or are exposed to one or more devices in order to prevent injury and improve the postural health of the users.

  The system can include a status determination unit that utilizes imaging, radiofrequency, electromagnetic, acoustic or edge detection, or other types of sensors to obtain physical status information about the users and devices; such information can include the users’ and devices’ position, orientation, location and conformation.

  The physical status information can be communicated to an advisory unit that runs algorithms to generate advisory information.  Advisory information can also take into account information regarding duration of use or schedules of operation of the devices by the users. Advisory information can be output to the user in a variety of forms, including light, audio, video, vibration, electromagnetic, textual or media.

  These technologies can be utilized to develop many different configurations of distributed postural warning and advisory systems for use in various healthcare facilities, in settings where operators use multiple devices such as in factories and on industrial sites, or in settings that involve multiple displays and users, such as in conference rooms, auditoriums and school gymnasiums.

  Current stage of invention:

  Distributed Systems for Postural Warning and Advisory - Patent Pending Stage
• Embedded Diagnostic Modules 

  Technologies are provided for gathering health status information about a user based on the user’s interaction with an occupational or a leisure device, such as a video game or work-related software that contains or interacts with diagnostic modules. User device interaction data can include:

  • Audio signals such as voice tremor
  • Visual signals such as pupil constriction
  • Performance, physical or motor signals such as hand grip or keystroke

  The device can be coupled to local or remote clinical analysis modules that analyze the collected data to detect any irregularities, improvements or worsening of health, or to perform specific cardiovascular, neurologic, psychiatric or other tests. The device can notify the user or third parties such as healthcare professionals of the findings.

  The user’s health-related data and other features such as facial patterns, intonation of speech, hairstyles, facial expressions or gestures can be correlated with epidemiological and statistical data to determine socio-demographic characteristics of the user, including age, gender and ethnicity.

  These technologies can be used to perform low profile monitoring and testing of patients with neurologic and psychiatric disorders, such as dementia and Alzheimer’s, depression, drug overdose or brain injury. These technologies can also be used in behavioral analysis, marketing, polling studies or market research to observe, for example, a user’s physiologic reaction to a message or an advertisement.

  Current stage of invention:

  Embedded Diagnostic Modules - Patent Pending Stage
• Ex Vivo Activation of Final Dosage Forms 

  Technologies are provided for final dosage forms (e.g., tablets or capsules) that need to be exposed ex vivo (prior to administration) to a stimulus in order for medication within the dosage forms to become available for release in vivo. Alternately, dosage forms may be exposed ex vivo to a stimulus in order for medication within the dosage forms to become unavailable for release in vivo.

  A dosage form can have a default bioavailability characteristic (e.g., dosage, release kinetics, or release rates) for in vivo release that can be altered by exposing the dosage form to a stimulus prior to administration. The intensity, duration, or waveform of the stimulus can determine the bioavailability characteristics after ex vivo activation.

  The dosage form can have an outer layer and a chamber for holding medication. The dosage form can include a release element (e.g., a gel, hydrogel, azopolymer membrane, gold foil, liposome, wax, polyanhydrides, etc.) that is configured to encapsulate or obstruct an aperture in the chamber. Exposure to a stimulus (such as light, electric, chemical, thermal, acoustic, ultrasonic, magnetic, electromagnetic, or radio wave) ex vivo leads to bursting, puncture, permeation, dissolution, or disintegration of the release element, thereby allowing medication in the chamber to become available for release via the outer layer. The outer layer can be soluble, permeable, or disintegrable in vivo to enable release of the medication in vivo.

  The dosage form can have a variety of additional features or configurations, including:

  • An indicator with elements that show an optically, electronically, or ultrasonically detectable change to confirm exposure of the release element to the stimulus
  • Two chambers with different medications (or different dosages of the same medication); the release elements of the respective chambers can be collectively or selectively exposed to the stimulus to allow medication from one or both chambers to be available for release
  • Particles or polymeric materials (e.g., hydrogels, microspheres, or nanoparticles) that bind to the medication and can be modified to release the medication following exposure to the stimulus

  Instructions on how to expose the dosage form to the stimulus source ex vivo can be provided along with the dosage form.

  These technologies can be used to develop tablets, capsules, or other types of final dosage forms that are ineffective in the manufactured state but can be activated and become effective for administration upon exposure to light or other stimuli.

  Current stage of invention:

  Ex Vivo Activation of Final Dosage Forms - Patent Pending Stage
• Frozen Particle Compositions for Surface Abrasions and Delivery 

  Technologies are provided for developing therapeutic compositions that include frozen particles (with <1 cm dimensions) that rupture cells or abrade the surface of the tissue to deliver therapeutic agents to the tissue. The therapeutic compositions can be administered by topical, oral, or mucosal routes, and propelled, ejected, or accelerated at a predetermined pressure and velocity towards the tissue to enable penetration of the frozen particles to a predetermined depth.

  Frozen particles can have a variety of configurations:

  • They can be made of various forms of frozen hydrogen oxide (e.g., amorphous frozen water, low- or high-density amorphous ice, clathrate ice, hyper-quenched glassy water, Ice Ic, Ice Ih, Ice II, Ice III, Ice IV), helium, neon, krypton, argon, xenon, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine, oxygen, air, or carbon dioxide
  • They can include additives of abrasive or reinforcement agents (such as fiberglass) that can be added during the formation process to increase the strength and reduce the deformation of the frozen particles
  • They can be configured as micro-needles or other instruments to extract or collect cells from the abraded tissue surface
  • They can include explosive materials such as carbon dioxide, nitroglycerine, or reactive metals

  Technologies are also provided to develop a computerized system that, for example:

  • Receives input on the physical attributes of a patient, such as the patient’s medical, social, or family history, and physical examination or other findings
  • Communicates with a database to determine the frozen particle therapeutic composition treatment regimen by comparing the patient’s attributes to that of other patients with similar attributes
  • Provides a graphical illustration showing the outcomes of the treatment regimen

  These technologies can be used for delivery of therapeutic agents for a variety of treatments or procedures including vaccination; tumor ablation; tissue or wound cleaning, debridement, or repair; chemotherapy; or microdermabrasion.

  Current stage of invention:

  Frozen Particle Compositions for Surface Abrasions and Delivery - Patent Pending Stage
• Gene Analysis to Determine Vaccines for Cancer Treatment 

  Technologies are provided for developing mutated or altered genetic material that can be used as a vaccine to generate an immune response for the treatment or prevention of cancer or prevention of the spread of cancer in the body. The system aligns an amino acid sequence of a cancerous or diseased polypeptide with an amino acid sequence of a healthy polypeptide, and analyzes the aligned sequences to determine sub-sequences (within the diseased sequence) in which alterations have occurred. Each sub-sequence can possess more than one alteration that changes the characteristic of the polypeptide, such as its hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, acidity, alkalinity or polarity. Alterations can include:

  • Amino acid substitution, in which one amino acid is replaced by another
  • Amino acid insertion, in which an additional amino acid is added to the sequence
  • Other alterations that change the physical or chemical properties of the amino acid.

  The system can perform statistical analysis and pattern recognition on multiple samples of diseased sequences in order to identify and confirm the amino acid sub-sequences that can be specifically linked to a particular cancer. The identified sub-sequences can be potentially more effective and specific toward a certain cancer. The system can be utilized to develop highly individualized vaccines for combating cancer or other genetically altered diseases.

  Current stage of invention:

  Gene Analysis to Determine Vaccines for Cancer Treatment - Patent Pending Stage
• Hair Analysis to Estimate Timing of Toxic Substance Ingestion 

  Technologies are provided for analyzing hair samples for the presence and the time of absorption of artificial markers, such as heavy metals, toxins, radioactive elements or legal and illegal drugs. An artificial marker’s distance from the root can be used to estimate the timing of its ingestion. The timing can be correlated with factors that affect the rate of hair growth such as a person’s age, gender, race and hair type. The analysis can occur while the hair is still in the follicle or when it is uprooted from the subject.

  The system can include sensors that can slide along the hair sample and measure a variety of parameters that are indicative of the presence of single or multiple artificial markers. These parameters include:

  • Concentration
  • Radioactivity
  • Luminescence
  • Magnetic response
  • Electrical resistance and capacitance
  • Reactivity with an analyte

  Via a user interface, the system can plot these parameters against the distance from the hair root to show a detectable peak, spike or trends that help estimate the time of ingestion. Optical properties of the sample or multiple samples can be measured for additional information and to reduce errors or enhance signal-to-noise ratios. The system can also analyze other types of samples such as nails, horns and claws.

  Current stage of invention:

  Hair Analysis to Estimate Timing of Toxic Substance Ingestion - Patent Pending Stage
• Health Services Planning and Matching 

  Technologies are provided for developing an interactive, web-based system that provides clinicians, patients or potential patients with diagnostic and treatment options, based on the user’s history, medical diagnosis and/or health goal. Treatment options for a user can be presented in a decision tree format. In addition the system can provide information on predicted outcomes or side effects of a treatment option. The user can draw on this information to select a treatment path. The system can also match a user with a healthcare provider that meets the user’s preferences. User preferences can include a provider’s location, availability, office visit rates, and whether the user’s health insurance is accepted. The system can utilize a web program that searches databases to find and solicit healthcare providers who match the user’s preferences. The system can give the providers an option to bid in an auction to supply services to the user.

  Current stage of invention:

  Health Services Planning and Matching - Patent Pending Stage
• Health-Related Signaling via Wearable Items 

  Technologies are provided for developing a device that can be worn by a patient undergoing care in a healthcare facility, and can monitor and report diagnostic and other medical data to the patient or a healthcare provider. The wearable device can be in the form of a piece of clothing or accessory such as a wristband, an earpiece or a gown.

  The device can receive data from sensors that are:

  • Located on the item itself
  • Implanted in the patient
  • Located near the patient (e.g., on the patient’s skin)

  The device can be configured to send and receive wireless signals. The device can compare sensor data over time and make determinations to transmit notifications to the healthcare provider.

  The device can include a movement detector such as an accelerometer or proximity sensor to determine the patient’s position, and can transmit information about the patient’s position to the healthcare provider.

  The device can be configured to transmit a variety of information, including:

  • Vital signs such as temperature
  • Swelling
  • Pain
  • Blood clot formation

  The device can have a touch-screen configured to display health-related information obtained from the sensors, or display other information such as the location of a healthcare provider or status of prescriptions.

  Current stage of invention:

  Health-Related Signaling via Wearable Items - Patent Pending Stage
• Image-Guided Airway Intubation 

  Technologies are provided for an intubation device for insertion in an airway passage, that includes not only a tube and stylet to aid the insertion or removal of the tube, but also imaging devices to facilitate safe insertion or navigation of the tube and to capture images of anatomical structures located near the airway passage. The tube and stylet can be made of shape-transforming material, such as shape memory alloys or electro-active polymers, and configured for easy insertion and removal on activation by the application of voltage, heat or magnetic force.

  The imaging device can include several components, such as:

  • Image acquisition components located inside, outside, at either end, or at any part of the tube and/or the stylet along with a source of illumination
  • Image transmission components located on the intubation device and used to transmit images, wirelessly or with fiber optics, from the acquisition components to a visual display
  • A visual display mounted on the intubation device or located externally

  Imaging can also be used to detect the elemental composition, for example, of calcium, sodium, potassium, iron, or iodine in a tissue.

  The intubation device can include other components or features, such as:

  • Sensors such as acoustic, oxygen, CO2, temperature, pressure, or other sensors to capture pertinent data and information
  • The stylet configured to supply drugs or medications such as pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals to the airway passage
  • Actuating cuffs or sleeves circumferentially disposed on the tube and configured to engage with a luminal wall of a trachea upon inflation

  Technologies are provided for endotracheal tubes or other intubation devices used for airway management and mechanical ventilation, and for a variety of medical and surgical procedures such as general anesthesia, endoscopy, tracheotomy, and cricothyroidotomy.

  Current stage of invention:

  Image-Guided Airway Intubation - Patent Pending Stage
• Image-Guided Surgery with Dynamic Image Reconstruction 

  Technologies are provided for developing real-time 3D images of various organs and body parts during a procedure, such as surgery, from 3D images captured prior to the surgery. Fiducials included in the original 3D image can be processed in the real-time image to generate transform coefficients and model changes in the image. A transform coefficient or other mathematical transformation (such as an affine or a conformal transformation) can be applied to the original 3D image to create a real-time 3D image.

  Location of anatomical structures (such as blood vessels) or implants can be used as fiducials. Alternatively, markers such as ultrasound, MRI, CT scan, or X-ray signature beads can be used as fiducials. The fiducial location markers can be introduced into the region of interest, and can be uniformly or non-uniformly distributed in the region or can outline the region. Contrast agents (such as radio-opaque material) can be used to enhance anatomical or pathological structure locations, such as the brain or a tumor.

  Current stage of invention:

  Image-Guided Surgery with Dynamic Image Reconstruction - Patent Pending Stage
• Imaging of Body Temperatures 

  Technologies are provided for developing a radiant kinetic energy imager that can detect heat emitted by a patient’s body and, based on the detected information, adjust the position of the patient, the temperature of the room, or another aspect related to the patient, and/or provide a notification to the patient or a health care provider.

  The imager can be used to detect changes in blood circulation and create a thermal map of the various parts of the body that can be displayed via an interface to the patient or the healthcare provider. The imager can transmit signals to positioning mechanisms in hospital beds or chairs to automatically adjust or shift the patient’s position in order to improve blood circulation and reduce the tendency for bedsores.

  These technologies can be used in hospitals and clinics to monitor the conditions of patients. These technologies can also be used to cost-effectively and more easily screen livestock for illnesses and other problems.

  Current stage of invention:

  Imaging of Body Temperatures - Patent Pending Stage
• Imaging Via Blood Vessels 

  Technologies are provided for capturing an intravascular image (radial or axial, still or video) via a light transducer (e.g., camera) and transmitting the image outside the body.

  A target such as an intravascular lesion can be detected (e.g., ultrasonically), and a vascular probe can be used to position the light transducer to capture images in the vicinity of the target. The images can be transmitted optically (or via an antenna) out of the body to an external display unit.

  To improve imaging quality, the blood in the visual field can be removed by suction, by selectively inflating or deflating a balloon, or by other techniques. Blood flow may be only partially occluded while imaging. A light-conducting tool, such as an optical fiber, can be used to transmit light between the light transducer and the target. Multiple images can be combined to create a composite image. Real-time imaging could be performed from the point of arterial entry and used to guide the vascular probe to the target location.

  Technologies are also provided for projecting energy into tissue to ablate the target lesion or other tissue, and for using the light transducer to capture a reflected portion of the energy not absorbed by the tissue for imaging purposes. The source that projects energy could be external to the body or the entire system could be located inside the blood vessel.

  Current stage of invention:

  Imaging Via Blood Vessels - Patent Pending Stage
• Implanted Agent Delivery Devices and Sensors 

  Technologies are provided for developing an implantable delivery device that administers agents in response to signals received from implanted sensors.

  Implanted sensors can detect the presence and concentration of agents, and communicate with the agent delivery device in order to enable the delivery device to maintain a certain concentration of required agents within the individual. Agents can include, but are not limited to, pharmaceuticals, hormones, cytokines or nitric oxide donors. A control unit can regulate the activities of the sensors, such as the exact times when a specific sensor should detect the presence or concentration of a specific analyte. Sensors can include multiple detectors that may be enclosed in a sacrificial layer of gold foil or a shape memory polymer that can be selectively removed to expose certain detectors.

  The agent delivery device can have various configurations including a control unit and a motor. Examples of such motors include a stepper, an osmotic or piezoelectric linear motor. The motor can facilitate movement of a movable member in the device housing that releases the stored agent via an exit port. The device can be used to deliver consistent and localized pharmaceuticals or other agents internally for treatment of a variety of medical conditions.

  Current stage of invention:

  Implanted Agent Delivery Devices and Sensors - Patent Pending Stage
• Infection Fighting and Monitoring Shunts and Catheters 

  Technologies are provided for developing shunts and catheters that actively detect, treat, and/or prevent infections.

  An implantable shunt (e.g., a cerebrospinal shunt that has a fluid flow passageway to transport cerebrospinal fluids) can be configured with energy emitters that emit electromagnetic, electric, acoustic, or thermal energy at a dose sufficient to:

  • Modulate the biological activity of an infectious agent
  • Inhibit biofilm formation
  • Provide sterilizing ability within the cerebrospinal fluid that is received in the fluid flow passageway

  The energy emitters can be part of the implantable device and can be configured:

  • To deliver an illumination or energy-emitting pattern that varies spatially or temporally
  • To be connected to the interior or exterior of the fluid flow passageway by means of waveguides
  • As optical energy emitters that emit infrared, visible, or UV energy, or emit pulsed optical energy to elicit the formation of sound waves or fluorescence
  • To provide voltage across a portion of cells
  • As laser diodes, LEDs, electrodes, or other types of energy emitters

  The implantable shunt can include sensors that detect emitted and reemitted energy as well as determine characteristics such as:

  • Spectral characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid received within the fluid flow passageway
  • Spectroscopic characteristics of tissue proximate to the fluid flow passageway
  • Physiological characteristics of the subject

  The implantable shunt can include a controller that:

  • Controls the waveform characteristics or other parameters associated with the delivery of the energy stimulus
  • Contains a database that provides information on infection indication parameter, cerebrospinal fluid spectral information, or other parameters
  • Can be configured to compare the data obtained by the sensors to the data stored in the database and can subsequently provide a response (such as initiating a treatment protocol) based on the results of that comparison

  The implantable shunts can be coated with photoactive agents that emit UV light in the presence of an electrical stimulus or they can be coated with energy-activated or chemically-activated, self-cleaning material. The fluid flow passageways can include reflective or self-cleaning coatings or other coatings such as ZnO nanorods that can be manipulated by UV light to switch from a hydrophobic state to a hydrophilic state. The shunt can also be configured to deliver sterilizing stimulus to the outer portion of the shunt.

  Catheters can be configured to:

  • Monitor and inhibit biofilm formation
  • Have components that are actively controllable between transmissive & reflective states
  • Have components that are actively controllable between two or more wettability states
  • Have an actively controllable therapeutic agent delivery component
  • Have UV-energy emitting coatings
  • Have self-cleaning surfaces
  • Monitor biofilm formation via biofilm spectral information configured as a data structure
  • Have acoustically actuatable waveguide components for delivering a sterilizing stimulus to a region proximate to a surface of the catheter
  • Have light removable coatings based on a sensed condition
  • Release ultraviolet-energy-absorbing agents

  Current stage of invention:

  Infection Fighting and Monitoring Shunts and Catheters - Patent Pending Stage
• Internal Devices Controlling the Operation of Ingestible Devices 

  Technologies are provided for developing an internal device that’s introduced inside the body surgically, by ingestion or other methods, in order to control an ingestible device that resides in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and delivers treatments.

  The internal device can be configured to send control commands wirelessly to the ingestible device to instruct the ingestible device to perform various treatment operations, such as:

  • Deliver medication
  • Emit light or heat
  • Vibrate
  • Take images
  • Degrade its surface

  Control commands provided by the internal device can be determined based on commands provided by a clinician using an external device, sensor data sent by the ingestible device, data acquired by sensors associated with the internal device, positional information of the ingestible device, or passage of a time interval.

  The internal device can also receive information from the ingestible device about delivery confirmation and the remaining level of the medication or treatment. Both devices can include several components, including:

  • Sensors to measure physiological conditions such as heart rate, blood pressure or blood sugar levels
  • Chambers that store medication; the internal device can have a reserve chamber for medication if the ingestible device runs out
  • Actuators to impart motion to the device, release medication and collect tissue if necessary
  • A control unit that receives data from sensors and communicates with actuators and other devices

  The system can be utilized to manage and optimize adherence of patients to treatment; or for highly individualized therapies in which only a portion of a dose is required, such as in the treatment of diabetes, Parkinson’s disease or epilepsy; or where it is important not to miss any dose, such as in the treatment of diseases like HIV.

  Current stage of invention:

  Internal Devices Controlling the Operation of Ingestible Devices - Patent Pending Stage
• Intrusion-Resistant, Secure, Implantable Medical Devices 

  Technologies are provided for implantable devices configured to recognize a threat (such as malware) in a received communication (from an external source) and subsequently implement a threat mitigation strategy.

  The implantable device may include a threat assessment module (with an optional lookup table) to detect and assess threat characteristics of the received communication, including:

  • Failure to receive expected communication
  • An overwhelming communication
  • Communication from a non-trusted source
  • Indication of spyware, malware, data corruption, system shutdown, service disruption, information theft, etc.

  The device may also include a mitigation module to implement threat resolution measures or countermeasures (selected from a lookup table), such as an encryption change, change in communication frequency, handshake, signature, authentication, verification, or other measures.

  These technologies can be applied to implantable devices that:

  • Monitor brain systems
  • Provide deep brain, cortical, vagus nerve, or spinal cord stimulation
  • Monitor physiologic parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, or blood chemistry
  • Monitor concentrations of and deliver drugs
  • Provide other therapies (such as a pacemaker)

  Current stage of invention:

  Intrusion-Resistant, Secure, Implantable Medical Devices - Patent Pending Stage
• Ionizing Radiation Responsive Compositions and Systems 

  Technologies are provided for developing radiation-activated compositions for controlled release and delivery of bioactive agents for treatment of cancer or other diseases. Agents can include analgesics, anti-infectives, antineoplastics, nutraceuticals, or cardiovascular, diagnostic, dermatologic, gastrointestinal, gynecologic, hematologic, immunologic, neurologic, or urologic agents.

  Patients can be administered a composition made of:

  1. A luminescent material that is activated by ionizing radiation such as X-ray or UV that causes it to emit optical energy,
  2. A photosensitive material that responds to the optical energy by releasing a biologically active material, and
  3. A biologically active material that can provide the necessary treatment.

  The biologically active material can be released via a variety of techniques, including:

  • The photosensitive material can have a substrate to which the biologically active material is attached and from which it is released upon exposure to optical energy
  • The photosensitive material can be in the form of a matrix that expands or contracts upon exposure to optical energy and releases the enclosed biologically active material
  • The photosensitive material can be in the form of a layer that ruptures and releases the enclosed biologically active material upon exposure to optical energy
  • The hydrophobicity or diffusion characteristics of the photosensitive material can be changed on exposure to optical energy thereby affecting the diffusion rate of the enclosed biologically active material
  • The photosensitive material can change in shape on exposure to optical energy and release the biologically active material
  • The photosensitive material can photodegrade on exposure to optical energy and release the biologically active material

  Alternatively, the composition can be made of:

  1. A luminescent material, and
  2. A photosensitive material that:
     1. Generates cytotoxic or other therapeutic agents in the presence of optical energy, or
     2. Contains photoisomerizable or photolabile substances whose biological activity is altered in the presence of optical energy.

  The composition can include more than one pair of luminescent and photosensitive materials, with each pair responsive to a particular wavelength of optical energy.

  The composition can include optically inhibiting material that prevents optical energy generated by sources other than the luminescent material from coupling with the photosensitive material. In order to ensure that the correct amount of ionizing radiation is delivered to the target region, a control unit can be used to operate the radiation emitter based on information from detectors that detect the forward-scattered radiation from the target region.

  Current stage of invention:

  Ionizing Radiation Responsive Compositions and Systems - Patent Pending Stage
• Lumen-Traveling Devices 

  Methods and systems are provided relating to a self-propelling intra-lumen device that can travel to a target site within the body and diagnose and treat numerous medical conditions. The device can be used to treat conditions in the cardiovascular, lymphatic, glandular, digestive, respiratory, biliary, reproductive, nasal and other lumen-containing systems. The device can come with various sensors configured to detect intra-luminal pathologies such as abnormalities in pressure, temperature, fluid flow, chemicals or cells of interest. It can be configured to deliver a substance or deliver electromagnetic stimulus based on sensed conditions. Other components of the device can include a circuitry and a propelling mechanism that controls the movement of the device. Technologies are also provided relating to implantable devices for perfusion management with a reservoir connected to an intravascular catheter to hold and deliver a target material.

  Current stage of invention:

  Lumen-Traveling Devices - Patent Granted Stage
• Maintaining Physiological Levels of Steroid Hormones 

  Technologies are provided for developing an individualized treatment regimen for hormone replacement therapy, which includes a method, a system, and a kit with necessary dosages of steroid hormones or their metabolites, and instructions for administering the hormone replacement compositions. The goal is to maintain a patient’s pre-menopausal (normal) levels of hormones by measuring pre-menopausal hormone levels in the patient and supplementing current hormone levels.

  Pre-menopausal hormone levels can be determined by reviewing the patient’s history that can reflect cyclic or age-related hormonal changes. Once the present hormonal levels are measured, a treatment regimen can be designed by comparing the patient’s pre-menopausal hormone levels with current hormone levels. The patient’s hormone levels can be monitored during treatment and the treatment regimen can be adjusted to maintain the current hormone levels at the patient’s pre-menopausal hormone levels. A computerized system can be used to determine and adjust the treatment regimen.

  Additional information such as the patient’s medical, family (genetic predisposition), and social history; sociodemographics (e.g., population data); and diagnostic findings can be considered in the analysis of the treatment regimen. Diagnostic data can be based on serum levels of:

  • Inflammation-related compounds
  • Lipid-related compounds
  • Disease-related markers for cancer; bone loss; neurologic, metabolic, cardiovascular, or other diseases

  Technologies are also provided for developing a personalized cardiovascular treatment regimen, which involves providing the patient with an estrogen receptor modulator that is based on the patient’s genetic APOE allelic profile and his/her current and pre-disease hormone levels.

  Technologies are also provided for developing a personalized treatment regimen for bone loss disease or bone loss disorder that involves providing the patient with a follicle-stimulating hormone modulator. The modulator reduces bioactivity or bioavailability of follicle-stimulating hormone in the patient and approximates the level of bioactive or bioavailable follicle-stimulating hormone according to a target cyclic physiological pre-disease effective level of the patient.

  These technologies can be utilized to develop personalized treatment regimens for a variety of disease states, including hormonal, metabolic, cardiovascular, bone loss, or neurologic conditions.

  Current stage of invention:

  Maintaining Physiological Levels of Steroid Hormones - Patent Pending Stage
• Malaria Detection and Treatment Via Hemozoin Detection and Disruption 

  Technologies are provided for easy-to-use and cost-effective detection and treatment of malaria by harnessing the nonlinear optical response of hemozoin to electromagnetic radiation and subsequently heating the hemozoin, which results in damage or death of the Plasmodium parasite.

  Hemozoin detection occurs by interrogating via a spatially patterned, pulsed, multiplexed, electromagnetic stimulus, and monitoring the nonlinear, multi-harmonic response. The response is compared with a stored spectral profile for hemozoin. Depending on the duration and characteristics of the electromagnetic stimulus, nonlinear response of hemozoin can include a second, third, or fourth harmonic response. 

  Hemozoin can be detected by using dark-field imaging or Rheinberg illumination, where a multi-mode dark-field stimulus is provided to a region in the presence of a magnetic field (such as an RF signal), and the resulting response of hemozoin is captured. An RF signal can be used to perturb the hemozoin particles.

  Once malaria is diagnosed via hemozoin detection, it can be treated by inducing heating of the hemozoin. An actively controlled, time-varying magnetic field stimulus can be provided to cause paramagnetic hemozoin to generate heat.

  Detection as well as treatment of malaria can also occur concurrently, where nonlinear optical detection of hemozoin is combined with magnetically induced oscillation, translation, or rotation of hemozoin particles, causing damage to the Plasmodium parasite. In addition, treatment can occur causing the nonlinear harmonic response of hemozoin to be the generation of antimicrobial ultraviolet energy that can cause programmed cell death of Plasmodium parasite.

  These technologies can be utilized for detection and treatment of malaria in vitro, in vivo, or ex vivo. In vivo detection and treatment can be performed transdermally (via electromagnetic energy), while ex vivo detection and treatment can be performed by running blood through an external device.

  Current stage of invention:

  Malaria Detection and Treatment Via Hemozoin Detection and Disruption - Patent Pending Stage
• Mechanisms to Provide Treatment in Desired Body Locations 
  Technologies are provided to minimize medical errors and ensure that medical or surgical intervention is performed on the correct anatomic or pathologic site, limb or organ. A dynamic barrier containing magnetorheological fluid provides access to treatment locations while blocking access to non-treatment locations based on changes to the rheological state of the dynamic barrier. The position of surgical tools can be tracked using fiducial indicators. On detecting the presence of a surgical tool in the proximity of the non-treatment location, an electrical voltage is applied to the dynamic barrier. Application of electrical voltage hardens the magnetorheological fluid, thereby protecting the non-treatment location.

  Current stage of invention:

  Mechanisms to Provide Treatment in Desired Body Locations - Patent Pending Stage
• Microfluidic Chips for Allergen and Pathogen Detection 

  Methods and systems are provided that facilitate detection of allergens and pathogens. In some instances, the detection threshold for allergens can be configured to comply with the sensitivity of an individual to the detected allergen. Results of the detection process are presented to the operator of the device. Some detection devices and systems also utilize microfluidic chip technologies to facilitate detection of allergens and pathogens. The microfluidic chip-based devices can accept user input; transmit signals that include information on identified pathogens present within tested samples; and receive signals that include information to reduce pathogenicity of the identified pathogens.

  Methods and systems are also provided for separating fluids or solids suspended in fluids by placing sample fluids into separation channels. This allows the fluids to be in parallel or anti-parallel laminar flow. Then constituents of one fluid type are translocated into another fluid type, and the process can be repeated serially. Translocation of the constituents could be accomplished by mixing magnetically active agents that bind to the constituents to form magnetically active constituents and by separating the magnetically active constituents with the use of magnetic fields. Magnetically active antibodies, aptamers, nucleic acids, ligands, or polypeptides, which are coupled to ferrous or non-ferrous metallic particles, can be used as agents to bind to the constituents.

  This technology can be used in medical and research laboratories to accurately and more quickly analyze biological specimens or other materials.

  Current stage of invention:

  Microfluidic Chips for Allergen and Pathogen Detection - Patent Pending Stage
• Monitoring and Treating Syringe Mechanism 

  Technologies are provided for developing a syringe that can monitor and analyze body fluid conditions and dispense medications to provide necessary treatment based on the monitored conditions. The syringe can be operated by an individual to analyze and treat himself in the absence of a medical professional. The syringe can include a feedback mechanism to control an element in the body fluid. The syringe can be used in the treatment of diabetes, AIDS, cancer and a variety of other illnesses.

  The syringe can be composed of several modules, including:

  • An analyzer to withdraw a fluid sample and analyze the sample
  • A dispenser to inject medications into the body
  • A controller to manage sampling and dispensing

  Various elements can be utilized to withdraw a sample or inject a medication, including uniaxial, coaxial or parallel axial needles, tubes, patches, etc. The syringe can communicate with other devices to receive commands on what treatment regimen to dispense.

  This device can quickly and cost-effectively monitor and treat patients in a variety of settings including inpatient, outpatient and nursing facilities, or at home.

  Current stage of invention:

  Monitoring and Treating Syringe Mechanism - Patent Pending Stage
• MRI Using Targeted Ferromagnetic Compositions 

  Technologies are provided for creating a magnetic resonance imaging system that does not require the use of an external magnet or an externally generated static magnetic field. A magnetic field can be generated in vivo by administering a composition of ferromagnetic microstructures that have voids, which are accessible to biological samples in the body, with inherent magnetic fields within them.

  The composition can include multiple sets of ferromagnetic microstructures with each set designed with a magnetic field of a particular strength that elicits a unique spectral signature. Each set can be made with different targeting moieties to target different tissues, proteins, cells, genes, chromosomes, etc., and multiple sets of ferromagnetic microstructures with unique magnetic field strengths can be administered simultaneously to target and image multiple cell types.

  The ferromagnetic structures can be coated with pH degradable, photodegradable, or other types of membranes to:

  • Selectively allow access to the void
  • Enable transit of the microstructures to the target site
  • Limit penetration of RF in portions of the void

  The imaging system can include:

  • An RF transmitter for creating a magnetic resonance event in the target region that is exposed to the voids of the ferromagnetic microstructures
  • A receiver to detect the spatial distribution of the magnetic resonance event
  • A monitor or display to show the findings to the user of the system

  The imaging system can be utilized to cost-effectively and more precisely detect and diagnose a variety of acute or chronic conditions, such as cancer or Alzheimer’s disease. For example, the accuracy and precision of breast cancer imaging can be dramatically improved by using multiple sets of ferromagnetic microstructures targeting different breast tumor cell markers or receptors, including epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and estrogen and progesterone receptor. In another example, targeted ferromagnetic microstructures can be used for imaging of beta-amyloid plaque associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Microstructures with two targeting moieties, one that specifically recognizes beta-amyloid plaque and a second that promotes transit across the blood-brain barrier can be administered intravascularly to detect beta-amyloid in the brain.

  This system can also be utilized in research and development, where sensitive and inexpensive imaging of disease model organisms is critical, particularly in cancer models and stem cell studies. Ferromagnetic microstructures that target genes, transgenes, chromosomes, cell surface receptors, or other markers can be used to accurately and cost-effectively evaluate tumor models with respect to tumor progression, regression, stability, and metastasis.

  Current stage of invention:

  MRI Using Targeted Ferromagnetic Compositions - Patent Pending Stage
• Neuromodulation Based on Activity State 

  Technologies are provided for developing an implantable or external therapeutic device that modulates neural activity by blocking conduction in peripheral nerves (or in nerve fibers within the peripheral nerves) by applying reversible blocking stimuli, such as electrical, chemical, magnetic, thermal, or ultrasonic stimuli, in order to produce desirable therapeutic effects. The blocking stimuli can be delivered based on the activity state of the patient. In the case of the external device, the blocking stimuli can be delivered transdermally to reach the target tissue.

  The system can include sensors that measure:

  • Overall activity state of the patient such as sleeping, walking, or reclining state
  • Activity state of a target body portion such as the state of an arm resting or writing

  Various types of sensors can be used to detect physical or physiological activity states. Sensors can include force sensors; accelerometers; temperature sensors; physiological sensors that measure heart rate, respiration rate, brain activity, or other physiological parameters; and other types of sensors.

  The system can be configured:

  • To apply (or turn on) and remove (or turn off) the blocking stimulus when the patient (or target body portion) switches from one activity state to another
  • To apply the stimulus in a cyclical pattern (e.g., daily or weekly intervals)

  These technologies can be utilized in blocking neural activity to generate desired therapeutic effects in the treatment of a variety of medical conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, vascular disease, or pain management.

  Current stage of invention:

  Neuromodulation Based on Activity State - Patent Pending Stage
• Neurotropic Agent Delivery via Implantable Devices 

  Technologies are provided for developing an implantable device that can modulate the concentration of neurotrophins within, or in the vicinity of, neural tissues by releasing additional neurotrophins and/or inhibitors that prevent the degradation of neurotrophins. The device can be composed of several components, including:

  • Sensors to measure the concentration, and monitor the release, of neurotrophins and/or inhibitor
  • Reservoirs to store neurotrophins and/or inhibitors
  • A controller that can control the release of neurotrophins and/or inhibitors
  • An external device that can display information from the sensors and send wireless signals to the implanted device, indicating the amount of neurotrophins and/or inhibitors to release based on detected and target concentrations

  The device can be used to diagnose or treat a variety of neurologic, auditory, olfactory, ophthalmologic, and other conditions (such as chronic depression) that are associated with neurodegeneration or low neurotrophin levels. The device can be coupled with other treatment modalities or devices, such as neural tissue grafts and implants. It can also be utilized for research and development of neurotrophins or other compositions.

  Current stage of invention:

  Neurotropic Agent Delivery via Implantable Devices - Patent Pending Stage
• Nucleic Acid Hybridization 

  Nucleic acid hybridization is used for identifying unknown nucleic acids sequences for a variety of applications. This includes diagnostic assays in different pathologies such as infections, cancers and genetic disorders, as well as predisposition to disease. Current methods used for nucleic acid hybridization utilize a large number of probes that makes the process laborious, time consuming and sometimes cost-prohibitive. Methods and technologies are provided that reduce the number of probes required for nucleic acid detection or amplification in a target nucleic acid analyte. There is a need to determine the identity of an unknown nucleotide at a position of interest in a target nucleic acid analyte. The technology includes a set of oligonucleotide probes that utilize degenerate nucleotides that correspond to the position of interest. The degenerate nucleotides in the probe set are capable of base pairing with all but one possible nucleotide at the position of interest, thereby reducing the total number of probes required. This novel technology can be used for forensic and paternity testing, genetic analyses and engineering improvements in livestock. It can also be used for identification of pathogenic contamination in foods, water, pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals.

  Current stage of invention:

  Nucleic Acid Hybridization - Patent Granted Stage
• Nutraceutical 

  Various technologies are provided for developing systems related to recommending, dispensing and providing information on nutraceuticals, in order to provide a user with customized nutraceutical regimens or to enable a user to make informed decisions regarding the use of nutraceuticals.

  Accepting Input and Making Recommendations
  Technologies are provided for developing a computational system that accepts input from a user regarding the user’s goals and parameters, and based on the input makes recommendations on a nutraceutical regimen that will help the user meet the goals. User goals can be mental, physical, physiological or performance-related. User parameters can include blood pressure, age, medication regimens, and medical, family and social history. Over time, based on user input, the system can determine the efficacy of the nutraceutical regimen and recommend changes to the regimen. The system can be implemented via a website.

  Agent Selection, Packaging and Dosing
  Technologies are provided for developing an agent selection and packaging system that accepts input from a user and recommends, selects and packages nutraceutical and pharmaceutical agents for the user. The user can provide input to the system via a cell phone or a computer, and a dispensing device can select and package the necessary agents. The system can be configured to select agents that possess a synergistic effect and avoid adverse drug interactions. Various techniques are provided for packaging the agents. The agents can be packaged in various acceptable, immediate or time-release carriers for oral or other routes of administration. The agents can also be packaged and labeled in unit dosage forms or in storage materials. The agents can also come in multiple concentric wrappers or nested capsules that release at different times and sites. Agent selection and packaging systems can be developed for use in hospitals, clinics, physician’s offices, dental offices, pharmacies and for home use.

  Microfluidic Chips for Detection of Nutraceuticals
  Technologies are provided for developing a device that includes microfluidic chips that accept samples, such as blood, sweat or hair, from a user; and analyze the samples in order to determine the right nutraceutical regimen for the user. The analysis of the assays and other user parameters can help determine the user’s metabolic response to a nutraceutical agent and the correct dosage and frequency of administration of the nutraceutical. The device can also be used to determine the presence of certain nutraceutical components in food and dietary supplements.

  Ordering Based on Knowing Consumption Regimen
  Technologies are provided for developing a computerized system and user interface that orders nutraceuticals by taking into account the user’s preferences and consumption regimen as well as results of the user’s tests or other diagnostic findings.

  Providing Assistance Related to Health
  Technologies are provided for developing a user interface, such as a website, with a database that provides users with health-related information on nutraceuticals. The content for the website can be populated via a user-generated format by:

  • Vendors who sell the agents
  • Publishers
  • Experts
  • Consumers and patients

  Consumers will be able to purchase the listed agents by a variety of payment options from vendors that are members of the website.

  Visual Marking for Medication
  Technologies are provided to develop customized labeling of medications, nutraceuticals and other health-related products. To enable users to recognize the agents, the label on the bottle or the medication itself (e.g., tablet or capsule) can include a variety of identifiers, such as:

  • An elliptical shape
  • An S monogram
  • A partial checkerboard pattern
  • A particular color or texture
  • Patient’s photo
  • Buddy icon
  • Avatar

  Potential Applications
  These technologies can be utilized to develop a website with user-generated content that provides not only information on the safety and efficacy of nutraceuticals, medications and other health-related products, but also a social network for consumers to share their experience, with the use of these products. Experts, vendors and consumers can provide their opinion, on nutraceutical or other regimens and the system will utilize this information to recommend treatment regimens based on individual goals and parameters.

  These technologies can also be utilized to develop a personalized, self-serve nutraceutical “vending machine” or dispensing device that performs and processes multiple functions, including:

  • Obtaining user information such as goals and parameters
  • Taking samples from users and testing them for pathogens or other diagnostic parameters
  • Providing health-related information and recommendations
  • Dispensing prescription (with physician approval) and over-the-counter products such as nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements

  Current stage of invention:

  Nutraceutical - Patent Pending Stage
• Obfuscating Nucleic Acid or Protein Content of an Environment 

  Degradation of biological identifiers of individuals or groups is essential in preventing identity theft and non-permissive cloning. Methods and systems are provided for monitoring environments (such as a room) for the presence of biological material and biological identifiers, identifying the obfuscating components required to mask or degrade the biological materials and biological identifiers, and delivering the obfuscating components to the environment. The biological materials and biological identifiers can include nucleic acids and proteins. The obfuscating components come in various forms—such as liquid, powder, gel or aerosol—that are used in cleaning and disinfecting products, including soaps, shampoos and environmental cleansers. The system can provide additional security options that detect the presence of a person in the room by sensing movement, heat, pressure, light or other environmental factors. The system can also include other features, including a graphical interface to determine the demographic information of the individual or groups associated with the detected biological materials as well as analysis of possible outcomes of applying obfuscating components.

  Current stage of invention:

  Obfuscating Nucleic Acid or Protein Content of an Environment - Patent Granted Stage
• Path-Following Surgical Tool 

  Technologies are provided for developing customized surgical tools, including the design, fabrication, and utilization of the tools. These customized tools can be configured to follow a curved path through soft tissue along a user-specific path from the point of insertion into tissue to the ultimate destination of the tool’s operational tip. The curved path minimizes disruption and mechanical stress to the tissue during and after the tip’s passage through the tissue. CT or MRI data can be used to develop images that are used to plan the user-specific path that minimizes interaction of the tool with high-risk or critical structures in tissue between the insertion point and the destination of the tool tip. 

  These technologies can be utilized for developing surgical tools that address minimally invasive approaches to procedures such as:

  • Tissue and bone biopsy
  • Local administration of therapeutic agents
  • Placement of implanted sensors and actuators
  • Access to deep brain structures
  • Delivery of therapeutic agents to cerebral tumors
  • Neurological interventions for treating Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, etc.

  Current stage of invention:

  Path-Following Surgical Tool - Patent Pending Stage
• Photoactivatable Targeting Compositions Made of Modified RBCs 

  Technologies are provided for developing compositions with modified red blood cells (RBCs) that are used as vehicles to deliver photoactivatable agents that kill target pathogenic or cancerous cells.

  RBCs can be modified by using known techniques for separating RBCs from whole blood, sorting mature RBCs from other RBCs, and attaching target-binding agents to the mature RBCs. The target-binding agents are selected to bind to a particular target cell, and include photoactivatable and quenching molecules. Quenching molecules ensure that the photoactivatable molecules do not activate unless the target-biding agents are attached to the target cell. The modified RBCs can be loaded with therapeutic agents such as antibiotics or chemotherapeutic agents.

  Upon administration of the compositions with modified RBCs to the patient, the target-binding agents (on the modified RBCs) bind to target cells. Quenching molecules are then released or separated from the photoactivatable molecules that can release oxygen radicals upon activation with electromagnetic energy of a particular wavelength. Each photoactivatable molecule releases an oxygen radical that directly kills the target cell or disrupts the RBC membrane to release therapeutic agents that kill the target cell.

  The modified RBCs can be configured to deliver photoactivatable markers to enable detection of target cells by imaging or other techniques.

  These technologies can be applied in the diagnostic testing of biological samples, in the treatment of bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, and in the treatment of oncological diseases.

  Current stage of invention:

  Photoactivatable Targeting Compositions Made of Modified RBCs - Patent Pending Stage
• Photolyzable Nitric Oxide Donors 

  Methods and systems are provided to deliver nitric oxide to a region of interest via photo-activated nitric oxide donors. The method can involve administering photolyzable nitric oxide donors either systemically or locally to an individual and illuminating the region of interest with light. This releases nitric oxide from the donor. The light source and devices that release nitric oxide on illumination can be external or implanted in an individual’s body. The technology can be used to address acute and chronic health-related conditions, including male erectile dysfunction, female arousal disorder, burn treatment, superficial and deep wound treatment, and skin grafts. 

  Demonstration of concept is underway at the IV Lab for the treatment of acute and chronic wounds.

  Current stage of invention:

  Photolyzable Nitric Oxide Donors - Patent Pending Stage
• Physiologic and Health Monitoring Devices 

  Technologies are provided for monitoring a user’s health status via the user’s interaction with devices, particularly portable devices that are frequently used, such as cell phones, mp3 players or video game systems. Certain user interactions can be monitored via sensors that capture at least one physiologic parameter by manipulating an output of the device and subsequently analyzing the user’s reaction, response or interaction with the device. The sensors can capture a variety of physiological parameters, including:

  • Cardiac function
  • Respiratory rate
  • Oxygen saturation
  • Neural or mental status
  • Hydration
  • pH level

  These technologies can be utilized to effectively and more conveniently diagnose, monitor and treat a variety of chronic conditions, particularly in psychiatric, neurologic and rehabilitative areas requiring long-term, response-stimulus information to diagnose and adjust or optimize treatment, such as in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or narcolepsy. These technologies can also be applied to other chronic conditions including cardiac disease, diabetes, arthritis, asthma and pain.

  Current stage of invention:

  Physiologic and Health Monitoring Devices - Patent Pending Stage
• Position-Augmenting Mechanism 

  Technologies are provided for developing “position-augmenting mechanisms” for use in orthopedic and spine surgeries to improve relative positioning between elements such as screws, rods, fasteners, etc.

  A variety of “position-augmenting mechanisms” are provided:

  • The “position-augmenting mechanism” can be configured to attach an unsecured attachment element (such as a pedicle screw that is attached to bone) to an unsecured bridge element (such as a rod). In this configuration, an engagement portion that is coupled to the screw receives and couples with the rod. The engagement portion can be configured to closely conform to the contour, structure, and/or shape of the rod
    • The engagement portion can be a “threadless engagement portion” that has bendable portions that wrap around the rod to hold it in place relative to the screw; other coupling mechanisms for the “threadless engagement portion” are provided
    • Alternately, the engagement portion can be made of shape memory alloy that changes shape on electrical activation to couple with the rod and hold it in place relative to the screw
  • The “position-augmenting mechanism” can be configured to be inserted into a body cavity and support the cavity wall (such as an abdominal wall or thoracic wall) away from the organ in the cavity that the surgeon needs to access. In this configuration, a stabilizing member, shaped and sized to be inserted into the cavity, supports a maintaining member that is in a deflated state; after placement in the cavity, the maintaining member changes to an inflated state and applies pressure on the cavity wall to separate the wall from the operating organ or tissue

  These technologies can be utilized for:

  • Orthopedic and spinal surgeries that include spinal repairs, relative fusion of vertebra, removal or repair of disks, and spinal straightening
  • Attaching and aligning fluid-handling or shunt devices, including tubes, valves or controllers
  • Creation of surgical operating space in the thoracic and abdominal cavities during surgeries

  Current stage of invention:

  Position-Augmenting Mechanism - Patent Pending Stage
• Power Generation from Intra-luminal Pressure Changes 

  Technologies are provided for developing an intra-luminal power generation device that utilizes fluid pressure changes in a lumen to generate power for operating a variety of medical devices. This device can contain several components, including:

  • A pressure-change-receiving structure
  • A power generator
  • An energy storage device

  The pressure-change-receiving structure can be a resilient polymeric membrane disposed over a free space void to partition the free space from the luminal environment. The intra-luminal fluid can exert a force on the membrane to result in its motion or deformation.

  The power generator can be:

  • Shaped as a ring that can fit into the lumen
  • Attached to the lumen walls by hooks, barbs, etc.
  • Tethered to the lumen wall
  • Coupled with other power generators disposed in other lumens

  The generator can be configured as:

  • A MEMS generator that converts motion of the pressure-change-receiving structure into mechanical energy; the generator can have a piston, lever, spring, or ratchet mechanism that is coupled to the pressure-change-receiving structure
  • A ferromagnetic generator; the pressure-change-receiving structure can include a ferromagnet so that motion of the pressure-change-receiving structure can be converted into current via magnetic induction
  • A pump where the motion of the pressure-change-receiving structure can rotate one or more rotors to increase the pressure of the fluid in the pump
  • A piezoelectric generator

  The power generator can be coupled with one or more energy storage devices (such as capacitors, batteries, fuel cells, etc.) via infrared, inductive, resonant inductive, or other types of coupling; and energy can be transferred from one energy storage device to another.

  Current stage of invention:

  Power Generation from Intra-luminal Pressure Changes - Patent Pending Stage
• Predicting and Underwriting Risk Based on Epigenetic Information 

  Technologies are provided for developing a computerized system that determines correlations between an individual’s epigenetic information and health risks associated with the epigenetic information. Epigenetic information can include information regarding DNA methylation such as methylation patterns of multiple genomic loci, histone/chromatin structure and/or biochemical modification or other higher order chromosomal structures. The system can be used, by an insurance company for example, to review the epigenetic information of an individual and underwrite a financial risk based on the health risk determined from the epigenetic information. Insurance policies and premiums can be based on assessed health risks. Environmental factors that are connected to certain health conditions can also be included in the analysis. Various scenarios of epigenetic information and corresponding health risks can be captured and stored in a database, which can be made available for a subscription fee.

  This system can be utilized by a variety of industries that carry liabilities associated with an individual’s health risks, including insurance companies, government agencies, labor unions and corporations.

  Current stage of invention:

  Predicting and Underwriting Risk Based on Epigenetic Information - Patent Pending Stage
• Predicting Clinical Outcomes Based on Epigenetics and mtDNA Information 

  Technologies are provided for developing a computerized system that determines correlations between an individual’s epigenetic information and outcome of a potential medical therapy for the individual. Epigenetic information can include DNA methylation, histone structure, multiple genomic loci, and chromosomes. The system may also draw correlations between epigenetic-influencing events such as lifestyle or exposure to environmental toxins and the epigenetic information of an individual.

  Technologies are also provided for developing a computerized system that determines correlations between an individual’s mitochondrial DNA information and outcome of a potential medical therapy for the individual. Mitochondrial DNA information could include information regarding mitochondrial DNA sequence, heteroplasmy, or maternal relatives.

  These systems can be utilized during clinical trials to determine not only the eligibility of participants but also to predict outcomes of a drug or therapy that’s being studied.

  Current stage of invention:

  Predicting Clinical Outcomes Based on Epigenetics and mtDNA Information - Patent Pending Stage
• Predicting Pathogen Variants and Molecular Inhibitors 

  Technologies are provided for developing a computerized system that includes software programs that utilize various algorithms and databases to identify a succession of molecules that need to be added to an initial molecule to create successive complexes. The succession of molecules added to the initial molecule is selected to cause a specific desired final characteristic in the terminal complex.

  The system can be used to identify, simulate or predict molecular complexes required for treating diseases associated with pathogens or polypeptides (such as protein misfolding). The process can involve predicting the structural model of a first complex that includes a pathogen (initial) molecule and a first interactive molecule that can inhibit the activity of the pathogen, predicting the structural model of a second complex that includes the first complex and a second interactive molecule (such as a molecule that increases the stability or reduces the toxicity of the first complex), and so on until a terminal complex with the desired characteristics is modeled.

  Technologies are provided to develop a computerized system that utilizes a database that includes statistical and clinical data to identify primary pathogens and predict their variants. The system can subsequently recommend consistent and effective individualized therapeutic options to treat the underlying pathology.

  These systems can be used in several sectors in the healthcare industry, including pharmaceutical discovery or research and development. They can also help healthcare providers diagnose and provide the most consistent and optimal treatment options for diseases caused by pathogens that are known to mutate frequently, such as HIV and influenza virus.

  Current stage of invention:

  Predicting Pathogen Variants and Molecular Inhibitors - Patent Pending Stage
• Presenting an Inhalation Experience 

  Technologies are provided for developing inhalation devices that can dispense medication to a patient and deliver an artificial sensory experience to augment the effect of the medication.

  The devices can include:

  • A medication-dispensing collar, necktie, or bracelet with a reservoir (configured as a spray nozzle or nebulizer) that can store and deliver the medication in the form of aerosol, vapor, powder, or mist
  • A virtual reality headset, helmet, or video glasses that, on inhalation of the medication by the patient, can present via a presentation module an indication of a virtual world, other computer-simulated experience, or a triggering smell, sight, touch, sound, or taste

  For example, an albuterol-dispensing collar can be worn around an asthma patient’s neck to dispense albuterol. Along with dispensing the albuterol, a virtual mountain experience can be presented to help the patient learn effective breathing techniques.

  The inhalation device can have a variety of other features and configurations:

  • It can communicate wirelessly with a computing system to receive instructions on dosing and frequency of administering the medication
  • It can interface with a virtual multiplayer game (such as World of Warcraft)
  • The dispensing collar can communicate with the virtual reality headset/video glasses that present the virtual experience, and both the glasses and the collar can communicate with the computer system
  • It can be monitored by a healthcare professional via a secure website
  • It can monitor the patient’s physiologic parameters, such as blood glucose or oxygen saturation
  • It can have algorithms that take into account the patient’s history, such as a phobia, in order to select or recommend a virtual experience that avoids the phobia
  • It can have a module to interface with the user, such as via a mobile phone, to allow the user to interact with the inhalation device
  • It can be configured to produce desired therapeutic effects such as improving medication efficacy, or can be configured to mitigate adverse effects such as fever or headache

  These technologies can be utilized to provide a virtual reality experience along with delivery of substances such as albuterol, corticosteroids, nitric oxide, benzodiazepine, muscle relaxant, anesthetics, or oxygen. Technologies can also be used to develop devices for recreational purposes, such as a device that provides aromatherapy with lemon oil along with a virtual reality experience to enhance mood or relaxation.

  Current stage of invention:

  Presenting an Inhalation Experience - Patent Pending Stage
• Preventing RNA Degradation by Administering RNase Inhibitors 

  Technologies are provided for developing ribonuclease (RNase) inhibitors as a pharmaceutical composition that can be administered to a patient to stabilize RNA in vivo in preparation for ex vivo analysis. The composition can be administered to the patient within a defined time period prior to collecting a sample of body fluid or tissue. RNase inhibitors bind to tissue RNA and/or RNase and prevent degradation of RNA by RNase. RNase inhibitors can be oligonucleotide molecules that have complementary sequences to the RNA or its nuclease recognition sequences. Oligonucleotide molecules can be proteins, RNA or DNA aptamers, or other molecules that bind to the RNA and prevent RNase from binding to the RNA. RNase inhibitors can also be ribonuclease-binding molecules, such as antibodies or aptamers, which can prevent the transport of RNase through the cell membrane.

  The technology can be used to detect and compare the level of RNA in the sample of a sick patient to the level of RNA in a normal sample, in samples taken from the sick patient at different time periods or in samples taken from different locations in the body of the sick patient. The system can help improve the integrity of RNA yield in lab samples and provide real-time diagnosis in critical settings for a variety of disease states, including infectious, autoimmune, inflammatory, cardiovascular and neurologic diseases, and cancer.

  Current stage of invention:

  Preventing RNA Degradation by Administering RNase Inhibitors - Patent Pending Stage
• Regimen Monitoring by Analyzing Body Fluid Conditions 
  Technologies are provided for developing an implantable device that determines if an individual is maintaining a regimen with regard to a medical treatment. The device can monitor and adjust treatment by collecting and analyzing body fluids such as blood, urine or saliva. The device can include an implantable sensor (optical, chemical or other) that collects and analyzes body fluids, determines if the individual has failed to maintain the regimen, and transmits the information to another component or device that provides or adjusts the treatment. These technologies can be utilized to cost-effectively monitor patient compliance and adjust treatment in real time for a variety of medical conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, and infectious diseases, with or without the need for immediate medical supervision.

  Current stage of invention:

  Regimen Monitoring by Analyzing Body Fluid Conditions - Patent Pending Stage
• Remotely Controlled Substance Delivery and Reaction Devices 

  Methods and systems are provided relating to a remotely controlled device that can be used to locally and consistently deliver small molecules and biologic drugs over an extended period of time, or to deliver high-dose concentrations over a short period of time. Various configurations are provided for the device. It can be configured as an injectable device with a deformable reservoir and a dispensing mechanism that includes thermally, magnetically, electrically, or electromagnetically responsive material. The device can be configured as an osmotic pump with an osmotic chamber filled with hydrogel or other osmotic pressure-generating material that responds to electromagnetic signals; thereby applying pressure on a delivery reservoir to force fluid out of the delivery reservoir. It can also be configured to alter a concentration of a substance that needs to be delivered by altering the shape of an element of the device in response to electromagnetic signals.

  Methods and systems are also provided relating to a reaction device that includes electromagnetically or acoustically responsive material, which alters a dimension or volume of a reaction region in response to signals. By controlling a dimension or volume, the rate of reaction or other reaction conditions can be altered.

  The delivery and reaction devices can be utilized in the treatment of various acute and chronic conditions, including pain management. Other non-therapeutic applications include manufacturing of biologics, designing of laboratory instruments and treatment of water.

  Current stage of invention:

  Remotely Controlled Substance Delivery and Reaction Devices - Patent Granted Stage
• Selection of Compounds for Multiphasic Epithelial Cellular Regulation 

  Technologies are provided for developing a computerized system that assists healthcare providers in the selection of therapeutic compounds or drugs that can change or reduce the metabolic and telomerase activities of abnormal epithelial cells, such as neoplastic or dysplastic cells that are associated with a variety of oncological or other pathological conditions. The system can include a user interface that accepts input on target cells and the desired changes in the metabolic or telomerase activities of the target cells. Desired changes in metabolic activities can include changes in mitosis rate, or changes in cell differentiation or growth.

  The system can help healthcare providers select drugs that are well tolerated by a patient whether administered in isolation or in combination with other therapies.

  Current stage of invention:

  Selection of Compounds for Multiphasic Epithelial Cellular Regulation - Patent Pending Stage
• Selective Resonance of Chemical Structures 

  Methods and systems are provided for applying a series of differing energy inputs to a target composition. These differing energy inputs may be applied simultaneously, sequentially and/or in a temporally overlapping fashion. The energy inputs can include multiple electromagnetic beams, which intersect at the target location. Each beam can have one characteristic from a selected set of frequencies, a selected set of amplitudes, a selected temporal profile, a selected set of polarizations, etc. Each energy input selectively resonates at least one structure in the target. Selective excitation may include applying the first energy input to excite a first bond. This then changes or shifts the resonant frequency of a second bond; applying a second energy input to excite the second bond at its shifted resonant frequency and so on. Together, the series of energy inputs causes a chemical change that cannot be caused by applying any one energy input. The chemical change can include breaking a bond, reconfiguring a molecule, etc. The system can be programmed to apply a series of specific energy inputs that leads to a desired outcome, by using computational modeling of the target and stereoscopically observing the effects of the various inputs. The system can include a device that is placed inside or on the body and emits predetermined energy inputs to the target molecules.

  The target molecule can represent a pathogen or other disease-related targets such as a protein, sugar, cholesterol or triglyceride. The target composition can be a chemical agent with a characteristic set of proximate bonds that are selectively responsive to a predetermined series of energy inputs. This type of agent can have many therapeutic uses.

  Current stage of invention:

  Selective Resonance of Chemical Structures - Patent Pending Stage
• Self-Sanitizing Surfaces 

  Methods and systems are provided to self-sanitize or disinfect touch screen surfaces within the healthcare delivery environment, utilizing deep UV irradiation via total internal reflection evanescent coupling. In commercial application, the technology can be utilized in conjunction with the emergence of touch screens found in infusion pumps, patient monitors, nurse call systems, side rail controls for hospital beds and electronic patient charts to automatically deliver continuous antibacterial activity with an aim at reducing hospital-acquired infections. Outside of healthcare, the technology can be leveraged to create a self-disinfecting cell phone or PDA. Demonstration of concept and effectiveness testing is underway at the IV Lab.

  Current stage of invention:

  Self-Sanitizing Surfaces - Patent Pending Stage
• Self-Sterilizing Cutting Tools 

  Technologies are provided for developing self-sterilizing tools (such as knives, scissors, cauterizers, rotary cuffs, etc.) that emit radiation to sterilize a sectioning portion of the tool. These tools can be used for cutting, dissecting, incising, piercing, cleaving, drilling, curetting, etc. A self-sterilizing tool can be configured to sterilize portions of the tool intermittently or continuously, before, during, and/or after surgery in order to avoid post-operative infections.

  Various configurations of the self-sterilizing tool are provided:

  • The tool can have an integrated radiation emitter, such as a UV emitter, that directs radiation onto the exterior sectioning surface of the tool
  • The tool can have a radiation emitter and a conversion structure, such as a silver coating on the blade, to convert radiation from the emitter into plasmonic radiation on the surface of the blade
  • The tool can include a switch that modulates the radiation emitter based on signals from a sensor, such as proximity, temperature, motion, biological, or other type of sensor. The switch can be used to:
    • Turn the radiation emitter on or off
    • Change the intensity of the radiation
    • Modulate other features of the radiation

  These technologies can be applied in developing self-sterilizing tools and equipment for use in:

  • Operating rooms and doctor’s offices for surgical or non-surgical procedures
  • Campsites
  • Battlefields
  • Trauma scenes
  • Veterinary procedures that are often performed under non-sterile conditions
  • Slaughterhouses to prevent the spread of infections such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
  • Harvesting to reduce the spread of blight and other plant infections in a field
  • Food preparation and packaging to reduce food-borne illnesses
  • Other outdoor situations such as in the military for food preparation or for minor procedures such as splint removal

  Current stage of invention:

  Self-Sterilizing Cutting Tools - Patent Pending Stage
• Skin as a Patient Management Tool 

  Technologies are provided for generating and displaying a pattern on a body surface of a patient. The pattern can be embedded with:

  • Medical and patient care information, including:
    • Measurements such as blood pressure, weight history or heart rate
    • Implant information
    • Drug regimen and allergen data
    • Indication of anomalous materials such as tumor, inflamed tissue, occlusion or plaque
    • Indication of surgical site such as “left shoulder”
    • Anatomical shape depicting a face or other tissue
    • Temporal information such as date and time
  • Surgical motion information indicating how a surgical tool should move during surgery
  • Non-medical information

  The pattern can present information in the form of a photograph, a barcode, medical images or textual data. The pattern can be projected or printed via a transferrable media or directly on the patient’s skin or site of treatment (such as an organ or limb) by using visible or ultraviolet ink. The patterning process can involve an optical masking material used with an emitted radiation source. The pattern can be read or interpreted manually by an operator or automatically via a system that’s configured to read the pattern with sensors.

  The system can be used in healthcare facilities to optimize patient care with more effective communication while minimizing medical errors, which ultimately improves outcomes and reduces costs.

  Current stage of invention:

  Skin as a Patient Management Tool - Patent Pending Stage
• Smart Dispensation Systems 

  Technologies are provided for developing a smart medication dispensation system that can be controlled wirelessly via applications on a user’s cell phone and that can administer medications in anticipation of foreseeable or detectable future events in the user’s life.

  The smart dispensation system includes a local device to dispense medication or other bioactive materials, and an external device (such as the user’s mobile phone) to control the dispensation by the local device.

  The local device can interact with skin, sinus passage, gastrointestinal tract or other mucous membranes and administer medication via a variety of configurations, including:

  • An adhesive patch that administers through the skin
  • A fluid-bearing conduit such as an intravenous catheter
  • An implanted device
  • An ingestible capsule

  The local device can include multiple reservoirs to store different bioactive materials. The local device can receive control signals from the external device and, based on the control signals, determine which reservoirs to dispense from and when to dispense.

  Future events in the user’s life, such as meal times, sleep times and work schedule, can be used to determine medication dispensation timings. The user can provide input on future events to the external device or the external device can recognize future events based on the user’s habits. These future events can be communicated by the external device to the local device that can then dispense or delay dispensation based on the events.

  Current stage of invention:

  Smart Dispensation Systems - Patent Pending Stage
• Spectroscopic Detection of Malaria Via the Eye 

  Technologies are provided for diagnosing malaria by spectral detection of hemozoin (in vivo) within ocular blood vessels. Electromagnetic energy is applied, continuously or in short pulses, to ocular blood vessels (based on predicted or detected location of ocular blood vessels) to induce a Raman spectral response from hemozoin. Various wavelengths of electromagnetic energy and wave number ranges are provided to induce this response. The resulting backscatter is analyzed for indications of hemozoin-specific spectra.

  Ophthalmologic diagnostic devices and methodologies (such as scanning laser ophthalmoscopes) can be utilized to diagnose malaria through the eye via the following steps:

  • Light from an illuminating source is passed through a beam splitter and a lens prior to entering the eye
  • The light enters through the pupil and contacts the retina
  • The reflected or scattered light exits the eye through the pupil and passes through the lens and the beam splitter
  • The beam splitter redirects the light to a detection system

  The detection system can perform a variety of analyses on the returned light, including:

  • Detecting Raman spectral response from hemozoin
  • Mapping of vasculature locations
  • Tracking blood flow velocity by using the Doppler effect generated by the electromagnetic energy; acoustic energy (e.g., ultrasonic energy) can also be used to generate Doppler effect

  Commonly used ophthalmologic devices can be configured to detect Raman scattering from ocular blood vessels for in vivo diagnosis of malaria via the eye.

  Current stage of invention:

  Spectroscopic Detection of Malaria Via the Eye - Patent Pending Stage
• Steerable, Maneuverable Surgical Stapler with Tissue Sealants 

  Methods and systems are provided to develop flexible and steerable surgical staplers and other surgical instruments to easily maneuver and reach areas of patient’s body that are difficult to visualize and access. The shaft, grasping jaws and staples or fasteners can be created from shape-transforming materials such as shape memory alloys. The staplers and their grasping jaws can come with different types of sensors. They are coupled to an image-display device that can cue the surgeon—or an automated force generator mechanism—to adjust and release the staples with minimal force. The stapler can have other features such as a dispenser that houses and releases tissue sealants or other precursor compounds. The instrument can be configured as an optical, laser or other type of cutting device.

  Current stage of invention:

  Steerable, Maneuverable Surgical Stapler with Tissue Sealants - Patent Pending Stage
• Subdermal Analyte Obtaining Devices—Blood Glucose Testing 

  Methods and systems are provided for a monitoring device that collects and analyzes a variety of analytes, such as blood for glucose testing and monitoring. A system could include a subdermal sampling and discharging unit that collects the analyte and ejects it through the skin. The system would include an external unit that receives and analyzes the ejected analyte. The discharging unit can communicate with the receiving unit to provide information on the collected analyte. It can guide the alignment of the receiving unit using different mechanisms including fluorescent markers or a fiducial such as a tattoo on the skin. Once aligned, the discharging unit can eject the analyte using several different mechanisms, including a MEMS-based micro-jet that uses pressure to discharge the collected analyte via a micro-nozzle; allowing the analyte to penetrate without damaging the skin. The sampling and discharging unit can be powered via several methods, such as by a battery, the receiving unit, or from the body. The system can be used to non-invasively collect and analyze specimens and samples including pathogens, blood components, and a variety of other cells and proteins.

  Current stage of invention:

  Subdermal Analyte Obtaining Devices—Blood Glucose Testing - Patent Pending Stage
• Surgical Feedback and Surgical Instrument Navigation System 

  Technologies are provided for developing a feedback system for surgical instruments that supplies real-time imaging and haptic or other sensory cues to the operator in order to minimize tissue injury and to ensure safe navigation of the surgical instruments.

  The feedback system can include sensors that, for example:

  • Are coupled to a surgical instrument or are part of other devices used in the operating room
  • Can detect physical boundaries of anatomical organs within or outside an operative field
  • Can determine a position or orientation of the surgical instrument relative to an anatomical organ or relative to a user of the surgical instrument
  • Can transmit signals such as data, images (e.g., CT, MRI, X-ray), or other information regarding positions or boundaries of anatomical organs relative to each other to the surgical instrument or to the user’s computer
  • Can track the trajectory of the surgical instrument with a feedback system providing information on differences between the desired and the actual trajectory

  The transmitted sensor signals can be transformed into real-time haptic feedback signals or cues, including, for example:

  • Tactile output information
  • Alphanumeric or numeric signals
  • Audio, visual, or other sensory signals that a user may read, feel, touch, or hear
  • Virtual objects or images visible on a computer screen
  • Tactile information indicating the distribution of forces (such as amplitude, frequency, direction, rate of change, etc.) being imposed on a portion of the surgical instrument

  The surgical instrument can activate and deactivate based on information detected by sensors. The activation or deactivation can include reorientation, reconfiguration, adjustment, or repositioning of the surgical instrument.

  These technologies can be implemented in various invasive and noninvasive surgical instruments and devices, such as endoscopes, dissectors, scalpels, laser scalpels, knives, blades, sutures, catheters, scissors, cutters, graspers, drivers, drills, saws, clampers, pulverizers, rushers, grinders, trocars, staplers, suctions, cauterizers, retractors, probes, etc.

  Current stage of invention:

  Surgical Feedback and Surgical Instrument Navigation System - Patent Pending Stage
• Surgical Instruments with Tissue Sealant Dispensers 

  Technologies are provided for developing surgical instruments that have dispensers and an actuation mechanism to dispense tissue sealants or precursor compounds at a surgical site. Precursor compounds can form the tissue sealant on reacting with, for example, blood, photons, heat, or an endogenous substrate. The dispensers can be configured to dispense antisepsis, antibacterial, anti-infectious, or other agents, along with the tissue sealants, in order to promote, for example, antimicrobiosis, angiogenesis, tissue growth, or hemostasis.

  The dispenser can have a variety of features, components, or configurations, including:

  • Micron-sized outlet ports to deliver micro-fluidic amounts
  • The ability to dispense tissue sealants such that the sealant adheres to holes created by a stapler; microdroplets of tissue sealant can be delivered to pinpoint locations to seal the holes created by the stapler
  • The ability to deliver sealant to coat the staples
  • Protractible or retractable outlet ports for accurate deposition of sealants
  • The ability to pre-coat surgical staples, fasteners, or cutters with tissue sealants
  • Sensors to measure the rate of sealant delivery and the amount of sealant remaining in the dispenser
  • Proximity detectors that provide signals to guide the user for accurate positioning of the outlet port
  • An option to be coupled to flexible or deformable graspers that are made of shape-transforming material such as shape memory alloy

  These technologies can be implemented in a variety of surgical instruments such as staplers, fasteners, trocars, cutters, pins, sutures, cords, or any other instrument used to physically bring together two or more bodily tissues in areas that include  blood vessels, nerves, cartilage, bones, pulmonary arteries, veins, gastrointestinal lining, the thoraco-abdominal cavity, etc.

  Current stage of invention:

  Surgical Instruments with Tissue Sealant Dispensers - Patent Pending Stage
• Surgical Probe for Expedited Histological Examination and Treatment 

  Technologies are provided for developing a handheld diagnostic and therapeutic surgical tool or probe that extends into the body and can perform various functions such as in vivo imaging, histological and pathological analysis, and treatment. Images and other results may be available during surgery or may facilitate real-time collaboration with remote users.

  The probe can be configured for:

  • Imaging or applying optical treatment to tissue and can include:
    • A tip with laser, ultrasonic, or other type of emitters to transmit light or other forms of energy into tissue
    • Lenses or other elements near the tip to detect optical or other attributes of the tissue
    • A connection to an electron microscope or other imaging device
  • Applying chemical treatment to tissue and can include:
    • Channels to dispense therapeutic agents or other materials into tissue
    • A syringe to inject aldehyde or other fixatives into tissue
    • Channels to dispense optical enhancement materials such as stains or to apply other treatments prior to imaging or other analysis
  • Performing histological analysis of tissue samples and can include:
    • An extraction module with chambers for receiving fluid or tissue samples that can be extracted by vacuum or other methods
    • The ability to treat the samples with a chemical agent and study the results to determine if the tissue is abnormal
    • The ability to maintain partial vacuum adjacent to tissues in vivo to avoid releasing chemical agents into the patient
    • The ability to transfer the extraction module to an imaging device
    • The ability to freeze a specimen or otherwise treat the specimen prior to extraction

  These technologies can be utilized to develop mobile and handheld probes for in vivo or expedited analysis or extraction of abnormal cells or other tissues of interest.

  Current stage of invention:

  Surgical Probe for Expedited Histological Examination and Treatment - Patent Pending Stage
• System for Delivering Material to a Subdermal Device 

  Technologies are provided for non-invasive delivery of materials through the skin to a subdermal device. The subdermal device can be placed under the skin and a delivery device can be placed on top of the skin; the delivery device transfers material through the skin to the subdermal device.

  Various techniques can be used to transfer material through the skin, including:

  • Iontophoresis by giving the two devices opposite electric polarity, thus creating an electric field between the two devices
  • A MEMS-based micro-jet that uses pressure to discharge the material via a micro-nozzle, which allows the material to penetrate without damaging the skin
  • Subjecting the skin to an energy field that creates small pores on the skin to increase permeability, thereby allowing the material to go through
  • Sonophoresis in which ultrasonic waves can cause micro-vibrations, thus allowing material to migrate through the skin

  The subdermal device can communicate with the delivery device regarding the type and timing of additional material needed. The subdermal device can use fluorescent markers or a fiducial point such as a tattoo on the skin to guide alignment of its inlet ports with output ports of the delivery device. Imaging techniques can be used to define a path that avoids nerves, blood vessels or other structures. The subdermal device can be powered by a battery or by the delivery device, and both devices can come with reservoirs for storage of material. These technologies can be used to replenish subcutaneous devices that are used to perform bioassays or provide treatment.

  Current stage of invention:

  System for Delivering Material to a Subdermal Device - Patent Pend